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Pharmacology > Sex hormones > Flashcards

Sex hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormone primarily controls the onset of gametogenic function in the testes?

A

FSH

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2
Q

Where is testosterone primarily produced in males?

A

Leydig cells

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3
Q

Which of the following is a function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males?

A

Stimulates Sertoli cells

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4
Q

What is the interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) in males?

A

LH

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5
Q

Approximately what percentage of testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells in males?

A

0.95

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6
Q

What percentage of circulating testosterone is bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)?

A

0.65

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7
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)?

A

5α-reductase

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8
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair during puberty?

A

DHT

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9
Q

What is a clinical use of androgens in males?

A

Treatment of hypogonadism

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10
Q

What is a major adverse effect of androgen therapy in males?

A

Testicular atrophy

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11
Q

Which hormone is primarily involved in the maintenance of libido and secondary sexual characteristics in males?

A

Testosterone

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12
Q

Which androgen is responsible for male pattern baldness?

A

DHT

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13
Q

What is a contraindication for androgen therapy in males?

A

Prostate cancer

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14
Q

What effect does exogenous testosterone have on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

A

Suppression

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15
Q

What can increase the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in plasma?

A

Estrogens

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16
Q

Which androgen is used to treat inoperable metastatic breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women?

A

Anabolic steroids

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17
Q

What is a common adverse effect in females undergoing androgen therapy?

A

Virilization

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone?

A

LH

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19
Q

What enzyme is involved in the conversion of testosterone to estradiol?

A

Aromatase

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20
Q

What is the primary action of anabolic steroids?

A

Stimulate cellular growth and repair

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21
Q

What is a common use of androgen inhibitors in males?

A

Treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

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22
Q

Which androgen is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty?

A

Testosterone

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23
Q

Which hormone is crucial for the production of proteins and nutrients required for sperm maturation?

A

FSH

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24
Q

Which androgen inhibitor is used to treat hirsutism in women?

A

Spironolactone

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25
Q

What is the primary adverse effect of androgen inhibitors in males?

A

Gynecomastia

26
Q

Which androgen is converted to DHT by 5α-reductase in target tissues?

A

Testosterone

27
Q

Which hormone is primarily involved in the synthesis of androgens from cholesterol in Leydig cells?

A

LH

28
Q

What is an adverse effect associated with the use of exogenous testosterone in males?

A

Prostate enlargement

29
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to estradiol in some tissues?

A

Aromatase

30
Q

Which androgen is responsible for the maintenance of libido in males?

A

Testosterone

31
Q

Which hormone is responsible for the proliferation of the uterus?

A

Estradiol

32
Q

What is a common therapeutic use of estrogens in women?

A

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

33
Q

What is an adverse effect of estrogen therapy?

A

Hypertension

34
Q

Clomiphene citrate is used primarily for?

A

Inducing ovulation

35
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are useful for?

A

Preventing osteoporosis

36
Q

Which is a selective estrogen receptor downregulator?

A

Fulvestrant

37
Q

An example of an aromatase inhibitor is?

A

Letrozole

38
Q

What is an adverse drug reaction of aromatase inhibitors?

A

Bone loss

39
Q

Progesterone is responsible for?

A

Supporting pregnancy after implantation

40
Q

A major use of anti-progestins has been for?

A

Medical abortion

41
Q

Which is a synthetic estrogen?

A

Ethinyl estradiol

42
Q

What adverse effect is associated with estrogen use in men?

A

Gynecomastia

43
Q

Estrogens are primarily produced by which organ in postmenopausal women?

A

Adipose tissue

44
Q

Which hormone acts on the theca cells to stimulate androgen synthesis?

A

LH

45
Q

Which is a condition where estrogen is used for palliative treatment?

A

Prostate cancer

46
Q

What is the main adverse effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators like Tamoxifen?

A

Endometrial proliferation

47
Q

The action of aromatase inhibitors involves?

A

Inhibiting aromatization of androgens

48
Q

Which is a physiological effect of progesterone?

A

Raises body temperature

49
Q

Which drug is an anti-progestin used for medical abortion?

A

Mifepristone

50
Q

Which hormone has a role in the preparation of the reproductive tract for implantation?

A

Progesterone

51
Q

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females?

A

Estradiol

52
Q

What is a common adverse effect of using estrogen in hormone replacement therapy?

A

Endometrial carcinoma

53
Q

Clomiphene citrate works by?

A

Blocking estrogen feedback inhibition

54
Q

What is a primary adverse effect of anti-progestins like Mifepristone?

A

Nausea

55
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have?

A

Both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects

56
Q

Fulvestrant is used to treat?

A

Breast cancer resistant to Tamoxifen

57
Q

What is a therapeutic use of progesterone?

A

Both hormone replacement therapy and contraception

58
Q

What is an example of a synthetic progesterone?

A

Norgestrel

59
Q

Which hormone plays a crucial role in breast tissue proliferation?

A

Estradiol

60
Q

Which condition is a contraindication for estrogen therapy?

A

History of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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