Hematolologic disorders Flashcards
What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the body?
Red bone marrow
Which hormone primarily regulates erythrocyte production?
Erythropoietin
What nutrient is NOT essential for hematopoiesis?
Vitamin D
Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia in patients with which condition?
Chronic renal failure
What is a common adverse effect of epoetin alfa therapy?
Hypertension
Why is darbepoetin alfa preferred over epoetin alfa?
It has a longer duration of action
Which of the following drugs is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?
Filgrastim
Filgrastim is primarily used to increase the production of which type of cell?
Neutrophils
What is a serious potential adverse effect of filgrastim?
Leukocytosis
Oprelvekin is functionally equivalent to which cytokine?
Interleukin-11
The primary adverse effect of oprelvekin is what?
Fluid retention
Romiplostim and eltrombopag are used to treat which condition?
Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
What type of anemia is characterized by large abnormally shaped erythrocytes?
Macrocytic anemia
A common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is the absence of what?
Intrinsic factor
What is the effect of anemia on exercise tolerance ?
Decrease
The most common antianaemic drugs include cyanocobalamin, folic acid and what other supplement?
Iron supplements
Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to which type of anemia?
Megaloblastic anemia
Which of the following is a purified form of vitamin B12?
Cyanocobalamin
Iron is essential for the function of which cellular component?
Mitochondrial enzymes
A common adverse effect of iron supplements is what?
Constipation
Which iron supplement is often used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?
Ferrous sulfate
Hematopoietic drugs may be used in cancer patients to boost what?
Blood cell counts
Why is epoetin alfa not beneficial when anemia is caused by the malignancy itself?
It has no effect on cancer cells
Filgrastim is used in patients with cancer to reduce the risk of what?
Infection by increasing neutrophils
Blood doping with epoetin alfa increases what?
RBCs and Hgb oxygen-carrying capacity
What is a potential risk of blood doping?
Thrombosis
Newer drugs used for blood doping are undetectable by current tests.
True
Thrombopoietin is produced by which organ?
Liver
Colony-stimulating factors are used to treat which condition?
Neutropenia
The hormone that controls megakaryocyte activity is what?
Thrombopoietin
Iron is absorbed primarily in which part of the intestine?
Duodenum
Which protein is responsible for storing iron in the body?
Ferritin
What is the function of hepcidin in iron metabolism?
Decrease iron absorption
Megaloblastic anemia is most commonly caused by a deficiency in which nutrients?
Vitamin B12 or folic acid
Which symptom is specific to vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and not folic acid deficiency anemia?
Neurological symptoms
The Schilling test is used to diagnose which type of anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Pegfilgrastim differs from filgrastim in having what advantage?
Longer half-life
Sargramostim is a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) used to increase the production of which cells?
Neutrophils and macrophages
Colony-stimulating factors are indicated for use in which condition?
Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia
Which erythropoiesis-stimulating agent has a longer half-life allowing for less frequent dosing?
Darbepoietin alfa
Epoetin alfa is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
Uncontrolled hypertension
What is a potential risk associated with the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents?
Hypertension
Blood doping is intended to increase what in athletes?
Red blood cell mass
One major health risk associated with blood doping is what?
Thromboembolism
Which of the following is NOT a method used in blood doping?
High-altitude training
Which thrombopoietic agent is used to stimulate platelet production in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia?
Eltrombopag
A common side effect of eltrombopag is what?
Liver toxicity
Romiplostim mimics the action of which hormone?
Thrombopoietin
Which drug is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
Imatinib
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat which type of lymphoma?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
