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Pharmacology > Hematolologic disorders > Flashcards

Hematolologic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the body?

A

Red bone marrow

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2
Q

Which hormone primarily regulates erythrocyte production?

A

Erythropoietin

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3
Q

What nutrient is NOT essential for hematopoiesis?

A

Vitamin D

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4
Q

Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia in patients with which condition?

A

Chronic renal failure

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5
Q

What is a common adverse effect of epoetin alfa therapy?

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Why is darbepoetin alfa preferred over epoetin alfa?

A

It has a longer duration of action

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7
Q

Which of the following drugs is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

A

Filgrastim

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8
Q

Filgrastim is primarily used to increase the production of which type of cell?

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

What is a serious potential adverse effect of filgrastim?

A

Leukocytosis

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10
Q

Oprelvekin is functionally equivalent to which cytokine?

A

Interleukin-11

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11
Q

The primary adverse effect of oprelvekin is what?

A

Fluid retention

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12
Q

Romiplostim and eltrombopag are used to treat which condition?

A

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura

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13
Q

What type of anemia is characterized by large abnormally shaped erythrocytes?

A

Macrocytic anemia

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14
Q

A common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is the absence of what?

A

Intrinsic factor

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15
Q

What is the effect of anemia on exercise tolerance ?

A

Decrease

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16
Q

The most common antianaemic drugs include cyanocobalamin, folic acid and what other supplement?

A

Iron supplements

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17
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to which type of anemia?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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18
Q

Which of the following is a purified form of vitamin B12?

A

Cyanocobalamin

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19
Q

Iron is essential for the function of which cellular component?

A

Mitochondrial enzymes

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20
Q

A common adverse effect of iron supplements is what?

A

Constipation

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21
Q

Which iron supplement is often used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Ferrous sulfate

22
Q

Hematopoietic drugs may be used in cancer patients to boost what?

A

Blood cell counts

23
Q

Why is epoetin alfa not beneficial when anemia is caused by the malignancy itself?

A

It has no effect on cancer cells

24
Q

Filgrastim is used in patients with cancer to reduce the risk of what?

A

Infection by increasing neutrophils

25
Q

Blood doping with epoetin alfa increases what?

A

RBCs and Hgb oxygen-carrying capacity

26
Q

What is a potential risk of blood doping?

A

Thrombosis

27
Q

Newer drugs used for blood doping are undetectable by current tests.

A

True

28
Q

Thrombopoietin is produced by which organ?

A

Liver

29
Q

Colony-stimulating factors are used to treat which condition?

A

Neutropenia

30
Q

The hormone that controls megakaryocyte activity is what?

A

Thrombopoietin

31
Q

Iron is absorbed primarily in which part of the intestine?

A

Duodenum

32
Q

Which protein is responsible for storing iron in the body?

A

Ferritin

33
Q

What is the function of hepcidin in iron metabolism?

A

Decrease iron absorption

34
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is most commonly caused by a deficiency in which nutrients?

A

Vitamin B12 or folic acid

35
Q

Which symptom is specific to vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and not folic acid deficiency anemia?

A

Neurological symptoms

36
Q

The Schilling test is used to diagnose which type of anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

37
Q

Pegfilgrastim differs from filgrastim in having what advantage?

A

Longer half-life

38
Q

Sargramostim is a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) used to increase the production of which cells?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

39
Q

Colony-stimulating factors are indicated for use in which condition?

A

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia

40
Q

Which erythropoiesis-stimulating agent has a longer half-life allowing for less frequent dosing?

A

Darbepoietin alfa

41
Q

Epoetin alfa is contraindicated in patients with which condition?

A

Uncontrolled hypertension

42
Q

What is a potential risk associated with the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents?

A

Hypertension

43
Q

Blood doping is intended to increase what in athletes?

A

Red blood cell mass

44
Q

One major health risk associated with blood doping is what?

A

Thromboembolism

45
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method used in blood doping?

A

High-altitude training

46
Q

Which thrombopoietic agent is used to stimulate platelet production in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia?

A

Eltrombopag

47
Q

A common side effect of eltrombopag is what?

A

Liver toxicity

48
Q

Romiplostim mimics the action of which hormone?

A

Thrombopoietin

49
Q

Which drug is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

A

Imatinib

50
Q

Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat which type of lymphoma?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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