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Endocrine Revision Notes > Sex Hormones > Flashcards

Sex Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How many hormones secreted by the ovary

A

11 hormones
Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgens
Inhibin
Relaxin ‘
Activin
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Pro-renin
Follistatin
Prostaglandins = Paracrine .

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2
Q

Androgens in females sources highest from

A

Peripheral conversion of androstenedione 50%
Adrenal glands 25%
Ovary 25%

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3
Q

Markers of Cl function

A

17 -hydroxyl progesterone
Relaxin

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4
Q

True or false
17 hydroxyprogesterone is secreted by the placenta

A

No it’s secreted only by th CL

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5
Q

Mention the three types of estrogen in pregnancy and menopause and reproductive age

A

In pregnancy estriol
In menopause estrione
Estradiol

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6
Q

Most active form of estrogen is

A

Estradiol .

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7
Q

Estrogen forms are secreted by 7 organs mention all of them

A

Ovary ;CL / developing follicle .
Placenta
Adrenal glands
Liver
Breast
Adipose tissue

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8
Q

Placenta produces estrogen from which primary component

A

Fro 16-oh dhea .

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9
Q

Site of estrogen metabolism in the body; the arrangement of the 3 forms
Excretion of the estrogen from the body as

A

It’s metabolized in the liver ‘
Estradiol E2—> estrione E1 ——-> estriol E3.
Estrogen is excreted from the body as estriol gluci]ori]onide

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10
Q

Estrogen has 2 main subtypes receptors
Which one is found on the endothelial cells

A

Alpha ; found on the endothelial cells
Beta .

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11
Q

In the plasma estrogen is bound to

A

1 SHBG
2 Albumin

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12
Q

How does estrogen works

A

It works by genomic expression .

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13
Q

Effects of estrogen on CVS

A

Vasodilator by increasing NO
Prevention of atherosclerosis

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14
Q

Effect of estrogen on the bone and it’s relation with the PTH

A

It increases bone density ; decreases resorption of the bone antagonizing PTH effect
Fusion of epiphysesl plates

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15
Q

Effect of estrogen on the GIT

A

Decrease the motility of the GIT
Increase bile excretion .

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16
Q

Effect of estrogen on the clotting factors

A

It increases clotting factors 2,7,9,10 plasminogen
Increase plots adhesiveness
Decreases antithrombin 3
Thus increase risk of clotting

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17
Q

Metabolic changes caused by estrogen

A

1 ) increase HDL’
2) decreases LDL
3) increase TAG synthesis .
4) decrease cholesterol

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18
Q

Effect of estrogen on skin

A

It increases pheomelanin such increasing pigmentation of the skin
Nipples
Areola
Genital area

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19
Q

Effect of estrogen on the kidney

A

Increase sodium and water retention

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20
Q

Effect of estrogen on the endometrium

A

It leads to proliferation of the endometrium

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21
Q

Sources of progesterone

A

Plant discordant Mexicans
Adrenal glands
Corpus luteum
Placenta .

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22
Q

Storage of progesterone is in

A

Adipose tissue

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23
Q

Metabolism of the progesterone is in / converted to
Excretion is by ——— as ———

A

Etabolism is in the lives to pregnendiol
Excretion from the kidney as pregandiol glucoronide

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24
Q

Progesterone in the plasma is bound to

A

CBG
Albumin .

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25
Q

Level of progesterone
Preovulation ——- ng /ml
Postovulatory ——-ng/ml
At term ———ng/ml
At term amount of progesterone produced by the placenta daily

A

<2
>5
100-200
250 ml / day at term placenta production of progesterone

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26
Q

Which hormone inhibits lactation during pregnancy

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

Effect of progesterone on the endometrium , Cervical mucous , body temp , uterine CxN

A

It changes the endometrium from proliferative to secretory
Thickens Cervical mucous
Increase body core temp after ovulation
Prevents uterine cxns until term

28
Q

Progesterone is it’s catabolic or anabolic
Does it increase or decrease the appetite

A

It’s catabolic increase appetite

29
Q

The effect of progesterone on aldosterone and angiotensin 2

A

Increase aldosterone thus causing NA and water retention
Decreases responsiveness to the casopressor angiotensin 2

30
Q

Progesterone effect on CO2
Ventilator sensitivity to CO2
Arterial and venous PCO2

A

It increase ventilator responsiveness to pCO2
And it decreases the arterial and venous PCO2

31
Q

Which hormone is neuroprotective and can be used as treatment for multiple sclerosis and demyelination halts in pregnancy

A

Progesterone

32
Q

Inhibin is which type of hormone and w]from which family

A

Inhibin is a peptide hormone from the growth factors family TGFb

33
Q

Types of inhibin

A

Inhibin A
Inhibin B

34
Q

Both types of inhibin are secreted from where

A

Secreted from the granulosa cells in the ovary

35
Q

Effect of inhibin is on the FSh or on the LH or both

A

It inhibits fsh selectively , doesn’t inhibit LH

36
Q

Cause of LH surge in the midcycle

A

Inhibin B

37
Q

Where does inhibin produced

A

PGP
Pituitary gland
Placenta
Gonads

38
Q

What are quad screen
Done for which syndrome
Results of +ve
When is]ts done during pregnancy

A

It’s done during the 1st trimester
For screening for Down syndrome
Increased inhibin Aincreased bhcg decreases alpha fetoprotein decreased et\striol

39
Q

Which inhibits is part of the squad

A

Inhibin A

40
Q

مين. اخو ال inhibin
Member of the peptide hormone TgF b family

A

The activin

41
Q

مين بحب ال fsh ويقوي مفعولها وبكره الباقي

A

Activin augments fsh action in the ovary
Activin increase fsh secretion from the pituitary

42
Q

Activin sources

A

Granulosa cells of the ovary 1
Gonadotropes of the pituitary .

43
Q

What does Activin inhibits

A

It inhibits the GH., prolactin , ACTH responses

44
Q

Relaxin hormone produced by

A

Placenta , CL , ovary, prostate , breast

45
Q

2 hormones till now secreted by the breast

A

Relaxin and estrogen

46
Q

3 major fxns of the relaxin hormone

A

1 ) relaxes pelvis ligaments in pregnancy
2 ) play a role in Cervical dilation
30 prevent myometrial muscle contractions .

47
Q

Testes secretes 3 main hormones

A

Testosterone
Estradiol
DHT

48
Q

3 minor hormones secreted by the testis

A

DHEA
Androstenedione
Estrione
Pregnenalolne
Progesterone
17 alpha hydroxyl progesterone
17 alpha hydroxypregnenaolne .

49
Q

Testosterone bid it anabolic or catabolic hormone
It’s relation with the u]insulin

A

Is anabolic hormone
Increases insulin protein synthesis muscle synthesis biosynthesis

50
Q

Testosterone is secreted from

A

Testis ; leyding cells
Ovary Theca cells
Adrenal gel ands reticular is
Placenta cytoplasm or synsytiotrophoblast .

51
Q

% of testosterone freely in the plasma
% of testosterone bound to SHBG
% of testosterone bound to albumin

A

2% free testosterone
60 % bound to SHBG
38% bound to albumin .

52
Q

From which layer of the placenta does testosterone secreted

A

Cyto or synsytiotrophoblast ,

53
Q

Effects of testosterone on the tissues is via which mechanisms

A

Is via 2 mechanisms
1 by activation of nuclear androgen receptors
2 by aromtization in the brain and bone of testosterone to estradiol

54
Q

What transforms testosterone into DHT

A

5 alpha reductase

55
Q

Testosterone is excreted as what
And by which organ

A

By the kidney as 17 ketosteroids .

56
Q

How many isfoorms of 5 alpha reductase

A

2 iso forms

57
Q

5alpha reductase Is produced in 5 site s
Epbss

A

Epidedymis
Skin
Seminal vesicless
Prostate
Brian .

58
Q

What is most imp hormone for male development and it’s decreases levels will result in ambiguous genitalia

A

DHT , defieciency in 5 alpha reductase result in decreased levels of DHT and thus ambiguous genitalia .

59
Q

Deficiency in 5 alpha reductase causes

A

Gynecomastia
Ambiguous genitalia
Decreases DHT levels
Increased testosterone levels

60
Q

Steroids are active in the bound form or the unbound form

A

Steroids are inactive in the bound form .

61
Q

Define SHBG structure which type of globin is
What does it transport
Produced by what
On which chromosomes

A

It’s a beta globin
Transport estradiol testosterone DHT
On chromosome 17 .
Synthesized by the liver

62
Q

Where does the SHBG levels higher males or female

A

In the females is higher .

63
Q

SHBG is how many dimers

A

Glycosylated dimmer protein

64
Q

Factors that increase SHBG

A

Estrogen and thyroid
Being a female takin clomid then takin OCPs
Anorexia nervosa
Hepatic cirrhosis
Tamoxifen
Phenytoin

65
Q

Pregnancy does it increase or decrease the SHBG

A

It increases SHBG .

66
Q

Things that decrease level of SHBG

A

Obesity , hypothyroidism , glucocorticoids, PCOs , exogenous androgens , GH
Progestins
Cushing syndrome , nephrotic syndrome , acromegaly
Testosterone

Endocrine Revision Notes (4 decks)

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