sex, gender and health

Question 1

what is sex

Answer 1

a biological characterization, male/female, variants(XXY)

Question 2

gender is a ___________ definition

Answer 2

socially constructed

Question 3

what is gender

Answer 3

it is not something we are born with or we have but something we do or perform.

Question 4

_______ define gender at birth.

Answer 4

physical characteristics

Question 5

define gender identity

Answer 5

how a person feels about themselves, biological traits, developmental influences and environmental conditions, develops over time

Question 6

how was woman created according to genesis(bible) in history

Answer 6

from a rib taken from Adam

Question 7

what were women’s reproductive organs considered as by medical authors in history?

Answer 7

imperfect male genitalia that had yet to mature.

Question 8

woman was considered an ______ and _______ version of man in history?

Answer 8

inferior, immature

Question 9

according to Hippocrates, women were disposed to excessive fluid because of the ________ of their body.there fore they collected high quantities of ________ in their breasts.

Answer 9

porosity
blood

Question 10

_______ and a ______ drove women to hysteria according to Hippocrates

Answer 10

high blood in breasts due to porosity and a wandering uterus

Question 11

according to Hippocrates women were more inclined to _________ than men.

Answer 11

overwhelming emotions

Question 12

who was the first to perform human dissections?

Answer 12

herophilus of Chalcedon(greek physician)
330-260BC

Question 13

what were some beliefs of herophlius than went against those of Hippocrates?

Answer 13

1.uterus doesn’t wander
2.female body was a replica of males except “conceiving, nourishing, giving birth, ripening of milk”
Hence female body could not be considered inferior

Question 14

herophilus linked hysteria to ____________.

Answer 14

postpartum fatigue

Question 15

what was hysteria identified as in Middle Ages and what was the response?

Answer 15

as signs of witchcraft
allowing for the ill treatment(persecution) of women

Question 16

what is hysteria

Answer 16

episode of loss of consciousness, collapse from weakness and breathing difficulties

Question 17

who was the first female surgeon in Florence?

Answer 17

Maria Petroncini Ferretti-1788

Question 18

founder of modern nursing?

Answer 18

Florence nightingale(1820-1910)

Question 19

who was the first woman to receive MD degree from and American medical school

Answer 19

Elizabeth Blackwell(1821-1910)

Question 20

___________ had their place throughout history in medical practice.

Answer 20

midwives

Question 21

women are _______%more likely to experience depression than men. and are misdiagnosed _____ to ______%.

Answer 21

70%
30-50%

Question 22

what symptoms of depression are often overlooked in women compared with men?

Answer 22

fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain and anxiety

Question 23

what does every cell has sex means

Answer 23

men and women are diff down to the cellular and molecular levels, diff across all organs, brain, heart, joints

Question 24

what act was signed into law for mandating of women and minorities to be included in clinical trials that were funded by national institute of health?

Answer 24

NIH Revitalization act 1993

Question 25

how are we leaving women's health at chance?

Answer 25

1.so much more to learn, not making investment to understand these sex diff 2. not applying the knowledge gained routinely in clinical care.

Question 26

which is the number 1 killer of women in us ?

Answer 26

heart disease

Question 27

how does intracoronory ultrasound works?

Answer 27

use of sound waves to look at the artery from the inside out

Question 28

________ is the number 1 cause of disability in women in the world.

Answer 28

Depression

Question 29

what is the no 1 cancer killer in us today?

Answer 29

lung cancer

Question 30

non smoker women are ______ times more likely to be diagnosed with men who never smoked.

Answer 30

3x

Question 31

what proportion of brain research that begins in animals is either done on male animals or in those whose sex is not identified.

Answer 31

66%

Question 32

what was the main focus of Dr Paula Johnson(cardiologist) in her ted talk-"his/her health care"?

Answer 32

sex difference

Question 33

women in history had ________ life expectencies

Answer 33

shorter

Question 34

now, average life expectancies are much ______ and women _______ men>

Answer 34

longer, outlive

Question 35

what was the life expectancy of men and women at birth in Canada during 1950-52 and 2002?

Answer 35

1950-52 MEN-66.3 WOMEN-70.8 2002 MEN-77.2 WOMEN-82.1

Question 36

What are the diff chronic illness and disability that women suffer with more than men?

Answer 36

allergies, arthritis, rheumatism, asthma, high bp, emphysema, depression

Question 37

what were the reasons of women's early death in history?

Answer 37

lower status maternal death poor nutrition

Question 38

what are the two major reasons of women being hospitalized?

Answer 38

childbirth and pregnancy 🤰

Question 39

on average men die ______ years younger, cuts across _____ and _____.

Answer 39

5 ses and ethinicity

Question 40

name the 10 leading cause of death and who are more at risk by these?

Answer 40

male>female 70.7%deaths from: cardiovascular disease, tumors, chronic obstructive pulomnary disease, accidents, pneumonia/influenza, suicide, kidney disease, liver/cirrhosis

Question 41

what are the biological theories due to which women outlive men?

Answer 41

1.coronary heart disease higher bp, cholestrol, low level of HDL 2.sex linked diorders 3.estrogen levels

Question 42

what are the behaviroal theories of men that lead to women outliving men?

Answer 42

obesity smoking🚬 risky behavior-accident and suicide excessive 🥃 Food consuption:overeating, unhealthy diet , fat distribution Job strain-health damaging behaviors

Question 43

why do female outlive males?

Answer 43

males have higher suspectibility to infectious diseases such as coronary heart disease due to high BP, Cholestrol and lower leveles of HDL(high density lipoprotein)

Question 44

what are the genetic theories that affect men and lessen their life expectency

Answer 44

sex linked diorders estrogen levels

Question 45

males are more likely to die in first year of life from _________ and ___________.

Answer 45

congenital malformation and genetically linked disease

Question 46

what are the psychosocial theories that leads to women outliving men

Answer 46

social support coping stratergies men less likely to seek medical health

Question 47

what can be a reason for physicians and family to dismiss women's health concern?

Answer 47

women seeking medical health unlike men

Question 48

what were the color for boys and girls until 1920 in western culutre

Answer 48

pink-boys(lighter version of masculine red for blood and war) light blue-girls-mantel of virgin mary

Question 49

what switched the color code of men from pink to blue?

Answer 49

Marketing and consumerism 20s blue jeans associated with men and masculinity

Question 50

what are the stereotypes typically asociated with health for masculinity and femininity?

Answer 50

male-strong, tough, invulnerable female-weak, delicate, vulnerable

Question 51

what diseases were considered sympathatic reaction to diorders of te womb?

Answer 51

disease of stomach, liver and lungs

Question 52

___________ was considered environmemntal in males and _________ in females.

Answer 52

tuberculosis menstrual malfunction

Question 53

hysteria="________"

Answer 53

UTERUS