lecture 7 NUTRITION Flashcards
who is considered the perfect woman according to historical perspectives and what is the perspective?
“The Venus of Milo”
Result of proper nourishment:Not too much nor too little
what was the historical perspective about nutrients according to the book of popular science,1926?
we can starve ourselves from imp food on one hand when there is plenty or will suffer in some way from eating too much.
what is nutrition?
The science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health.it is how we consume, digest,metabolize and store nutrients.
what is the cause of scurvy and when was it discovered?
vitamin C deficiency
mid 1700s
chronic disease?
diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years even despite treatment.obesity, heart disease, various cancers, type 2 diabetes.
what does nutrition involve?
- factors that influence our eating patterns(where u live, time of year, parent’s choice?
- amount to eat of each food type.
3.maintaining food safety.
4.addressing issues related to the global food supply.
how does nutrition contributes to health?
1.physical health:nutrition, exercise and physical activity
2.spiritual health:spiritual wellness, mental health and personal beliefs
3.emotional health:Positive feelings about oneself and life
4.social health: family, community and our social environment
5.occupational health:meaningful work or vacation in life
MALNUTRITION?
any condition associated with under or over nutrition.
what is considered “bad nutrition:”
MALNUTRITION
UNDERNUTRITION?
diet that lacks energy or specific nutrients
name some disease caused due to under nutrition?
1.ANEMIA
2.SCURVY
3.KORSAKOFF’s SYNDROME
WHAT CAUSES ANEMIA AND NAME SOME SYMPTOMS?
lack of iron or B12
symptoms include fatigue, weakness,shortness pf breath
Korsakoff syndrome is a ____________ disorder caused by severe deficiency of _______. And is most commonly caused by _______.
chronic memory disorder
thiamine(Vitamin B-1)
alchohol misuse
define over nutrition?
a diet that has an imbalance of fats, carbohydrates and proteins or simply too much energy in the body.
name some diseases associated with over nutrition?
1.type 2 diabetes
2.heart disease
3.some cancer
what is obesity and name some health problems associated with it.
excessive amount of body fat, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high BP, and certain cancers.
the primary link between poor nutrition and mortality is __________.
obesity
from how much time has been nutrition around us?
around 100 years
what was nutrition focused on during the pre world war 2?
preventing deficiency diseases, eg scurvy
PELLEGRA
disease characterized by skin rash, diarrhea, mental impairment, death(10%)
IN 1914 ___________ was though to be infectious.
Pellagra
who discovered dietary links regarding pellagra on prisoners?
Dr Joseph Goldberger
what was the condition of nutrition post World War II?
diets improved, fortification of food with ingredients, prevention and treating of chronic diseases
addition of specific nutrients, to food enhance its nutritional content
what are nutrients?
chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.
name the 6 group of nutrients that are found In the food we eat?
1.carbohydrates
2.fat and oil(lipids)
3.proteins
4.vitamins
5.minerals
6.water
what are the specific nutrients that provide energy?
carbohydrates, proteins, fat and oil
what do u mean by the term ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS?
Nutrients that cannot be manufactured by the human body or in insufficient amounts so must come from food or nutrient supplements.
MACRONUTRIENTS and name them?
Nutrients our body needs in relatively large amount to support normal function and health.
1.carbohydrate
2.fats
3.proteins
macronutrients provides us with _________.
energy (calories)
__________ are the primary source of fuel or energy in our body?
CARBOHYDRATES(made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)
functions of proteins?
tissue growth, repair, maintenance
what is the amount of intake of fats and carbohydrates in order to be on the safe ground.
1/4-fats
3/4-carbohydrates
alcohol provides ______ calories.
empty
_______ are a type of lipids.
fats
FATS?
diverse group of inorganic substances that are insoluble in water.
how is the large amount of fat in our body stored as?
adipose tissue
vitamins?
organic compounds that assist in regulating body processes
what are some functions of vitamins in our body?
essential to energy metabolism,
building and maintaining healthy bone, muscle and blood,
supporting our immune system,
ensuring healthy vision
what do you mean by metabolism?
process by which macronutrients are broken into small molecules that our body can absorb and use.
name the diff names assisted to vitamins by scientists?
accessory substances, food hormones
what are the two ways that vitamins can be classified?
1.FAT- SOLUBLE VITAMINS: not soluble in water but are soluble in fat
ex. VItamin A,D,E and K
2.WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS:soluble in water
ex. Vitamin C and B
DEFINE THE TERM MINERALS?
minerals are inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestions. fluid regulation, energy production,essential to the health of our bones and blood.
_________ Help the body to get rid of harmful by-products of metabolism.
minerals
name some important dietary minerals.(5)
SODIUM
POTASSIUM
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM
IRON
WHAT ARE THE 2 WAYS THAT MINERALS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO?
MAJOR MINERALS and TRACE MINERALS
FUNCTIONS OF WATER
- proper balance of fluid inside and outside our cells.
- regulation of nerve impulses, muscle contractions, nutrient transport and excretions of waste products.
what are the factors upon which nutrient intake depends?
age, gender, activity level etc
full form of AMDR and its use
Accepted macronutrient distribution range
provides adequate levels of essential nutrients and is associated with reduced risk for chronic disease.
what are the different t macronutrient intakes according to AMDR?
CARBOHYDRATES:45-65%
FATS:20-35%
PROTEIN:10-35%
what are some optimal lifestyle choices according to dean ornish?
diet(low fat, whole foods, plant-based)
stress management trining yoga
moderate exercises
smoking cessation
psychological support groups
vitamins and supplements
___________ makes your artery constrict.
nicotine, cocaine, emotional stress, high fat diet
_______% of adults and ______% of children are obese.
65%, 15%
diabetes has increased _____% in 30 year olds in past 10 years.
70%
how Many calories/gram does fat consists of?
9
how many calories/grams does protein and carbohydrates have?
4
name good fats and bad fats according to dean ornish
good-Omega -3 fatty acids
bad fats- trans fatty acids and saturated fats
omega-3 fatty acids may reduce sudden cardiac death by ________ to _________% and may reduce risk of ____ ,_______,_____ cancer.only ______ grams per day can provide protective benefits.
50-80%,
breast, prostate and colon cancer
3 grams
adverse affects of Atkins diet according to dean ornish?
constipation
halitosis
headache
hair loss
abnormal menses
Presyncope
what is an optimal diet according to dean Ornish
low in fat
low in bad carbs ,high in good
3 grams/day of omega-3 fatty acids
according to dean ornish, what increases mortality by 3-7 times?
loneliness, depression and isolation
what was the agenda of dean ornish
“Healing through diet”
who is dean ornish?
clinical professor of medicine at university of California, San Francisco
what is a registered dietician
health professional with a BA degree in food and nutrition from a uni program accredited by dieticians of Canada (DC)(degree+internship/practicum+exam+registration)-legally protected title
a __________ is not legally protected in all provinces.
Nutritionist
what are the three guidelines by the Canada food guide
what to eat regularly, what to avoid, importance of cooking and preparing meals at home
what does health Canada recommends eating
plenty of vegetables and fruits, whole grain foods and protein foods(that comes from plant more often)
________ markedly, definitely and with socking frequency shortens life.
OVEREATING
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DRUGS ACCORDING TO ALBERTA HEALTH SERVICES?
Any non-food substance that changes the way the mind to body works.
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF DRUG ACCORDING TO DRUGS AWARE?
A drug is a any substance(except for food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body’s function either physically and/or psychologically.
name some legal and illegal drugs
legal-alcohol, caffeine, tobacco
illegal-cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, cannabis
what are PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS
those who affect the central nervous system and alter a person’s mood, thinking and behaviour
what are the 4 types that psychoactive drugs are divided into?
depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
other
what is a drug according to “Canadian food inspection agency”?
any substance or mixture of a substance manufactured, sold or represented for use in diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease, disorder or abnormal physical state. , or its symptoms or restoring, correcting or modifying organic functions in human beings or animals., disinfection in premises in which food is manufactured, prepared or kept.
what is alcohol?
ingredient found in beer, wine and spirits that causes drunknesness.
alcohol is ______ or ________.
ethanol or ethyl alcohol
______ Canadians drank alcohol this past year?
3/4
what are the diff motives examined for drinking alcohol?
- to enhance sociability
2.increase power
3.escape problems
4.get drunk
5.for enjoyment
6.ritualistic reasons
what are the influential factors that go into drinking?
culture, country u r from, live in rural or urban, man or woman, age
______ amount of alcohol is safe.
NO
3-5 DRINKS A WEEK INCREASES RISK OF ________
CANCERS
7+ DRINKS INCREASE RISK OF
HEART DISEASES AND STROKE
RISK OF DEVELOPING BREAST CANCER FOR WOMEN INCREASES WITH ________- DRINKS A WEEK.
3
ADENOSINE?
CHEMICAL IN THE CNS(CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)
REGULATES SLEEPING AND WALKING
DROWSINESS
CAFFEINE IS A ______ DRUG.
STIMULANT
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CAFFEINE?
IT SPEEDS UP THE MESSAGE TRAVELLING BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND THE BODY. IT IS FOUND IN THE SEEDS, NUTS AND LEAVES OF A NO. OF DIFF PLANTS AS WELL AS COFFEE
_______ CAUSES DROWSINESS BY ATTACHING TTO CELLS IN THE -_______ AND INHIBITING THEIR ACTIVITY.
ADENOSINE,BASAL FORRBRAIN
Caffeine’s affects of increasing energy and making feel more alert are due to its interaction with ________ in the brain.
adenosine receptors
diff motives for drinking coffee?
be more alert
comforting routine
to faster social interactions
CANNABIS?
Marijuana, psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant used primarily for medical or recreational purposes
when did the cannabis act came into force and its purpose?
October 17, 2018
1.prevent youth from accessing cannabis
2.Displace the illegal cannabis market
when did production and sale of cannabis became legal in Canada?
October 17, 2019
the cannabis act was legalized by ________ and _____ retailers and federally licensed sellers of cannabis for __________ Purposes.
provincial and territorial
medical purposes
what are the diff motives for using cannabis
social use
medical use
spiritual use
what age group used the most cannabis in 2020,2019
20-24 years
among males or females who used more cannabis in 2019,2020?
males
VAPING?
inhaling of a vapour created by an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or other vaping device.
E-cigarette?
battery powered smoking devices, have cartridges filled with a liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavourings and chemicals. liquid is heated into vapour , which the person inhales.
according to the new vaping laws in Saskatchewan, anyone under ____ will no longer be able to buy vape or e cigarettes as of ____.
18, feb 1
_______ was in favour of the new vaping laws .
Lung association of Saskatchewan
what did health minister Jim register said in accordance to the vaping laws
“this legislation will protect Saskatchewan youth from the harmful effects of vaping products”
use of vape products is banned around?
public buildings-schools and school grounds
the tobacco and vapour products control act provides the govt with the ability to restrict sale of _________.
flavoured vapor products
selling of vapour products was banned where ______ gathers such as ______, ______ and ______.
youth
arcades, theatres, amusement parks
according to Gabor mate’s ted talk what do addicted get from addiction?
relief from pain
sense of relief, control
sense of calmness
the drugs that are painkillers for addicts?
alcohol, heroine, morphine, cocaine
(soothe pain)
what is the real question in addiction according to Gabor mate?
why the pain not why the addiction?
what are the three things told by British psychiatrist R.D. Laing that people are afraid of?
death
other people
their own mind
what is addiction according to Gabor mate?
any behaviour that gives you temporary belief, temporary pleasure but in long term causes harm, negative consequences and u can’t give up those despite those negative consequences.
eg drugs, consumerism, sex, internet, shopping.
according to Gabor mate what shapes the development of the brain of a child?
kind of environment
______ is the incentive and and motivation chemical.
dopamine
addicts get a hit of _______ when they shoot cocaine or heroin?
dopamine
________ are our own natural painkillers and make possible of attachment to one other(child to parent or parent to child)
ENDORPHIN(indigenous morphine like substances)
why do the leaders in those time needed power?
because they had a real sense of insecurity and inferiority, wanted to feel better about themselves
addiction of power is always about filling of __________ inside?
emptiness
what does Jesus said about power.?
the power and reality is not outside but inside.”kingdom of god is within”
what did buddha said?
find a light within
what is human nature acc to Gabor mate?
cooperative
community minded
generous
