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HLST 110 > life course > Flashcards

life course Flashcards

1
Q

define life cycle

A

process of aging from birth to death, which implies a predictable and universal set of stages through which one will pass, which Is not the case.

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2
Q

define life course

A

is a broader and more dynamic comparison to the life cycle

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3
Q

life course is the individual development within __________.

A

social context

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4
Q

what are the 4 courses of life cycle?

A

childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age

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5
Q

define childbirth

A

ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leave the uterus by passing through vagina or Caesarean section

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6
Q

define medicalization

A

a process where a situation formerly considered natural is subsumed into the biomedical sphere.

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7
Q

define trajectories?

A

changing level of individual participation within social structures ex. schooling, work, marriage and parenthood.

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8
Q

___________ considers the situation of being pregnant like the condition of her being ill.

A

medicalization

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9
Q

_______ mark the beginning and end of trajectories.?

A

transitions
ex from child- adult and from regular employment to retirement

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10
Q

what factors are analyzed for adult mortality?

A

mother’s condition during foetal stage, birth weight, height, prevalence of diseases and sometimes info from blood tests

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10
Q

transitions are typically of _________ duration than trajectories?

A

shorter

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11
Q

define historical time?

A

importance of age cohort effects.

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12
Q

which has a better rate for babies surviving?netherland or uk

A

Netherland

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12
Q

define biographical lifetime?

A

processes, experiences and events that occur during an individual’s lifetime.
some highly individual, other influenced by the social context

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13
Q

what are the 2 key aspects of a more rounded approach to understand childbirth ?

A

cultural differences in childbirth
medicalization of childbirth

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14
Q

who is the main health professional involved in childbirth in Netherlands?

A

mid wife

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15
Q

in uk childbirth is not perceived as a natural healthy state but as a state of______ and ______?

A

medical and biological risk

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16
Q

the medicalization of childbirth represents __________ for mothers.

A

a loss of control

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17
Q

what age was considered as adult in Middle Ages?

A

7

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18
Q

is childhood defined as a universal constant?

A

no, time and culture changes this

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19
Q

childbirth in pre modern time?

A

was not safe resulted in death for both mother and child.

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20
Q

what does childhood refers to many people?

A

usually between 5 to 14 yrs

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21
Q

what was the consequence of of children of 7 years considered as adults?

A

were apprenticed to work on the fields and in some other craft

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22
Q

childhood is not a _____________?

A

universal constant

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23
Q

define adolescence

A

transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during periods from puberty to legal adulthood

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24
Q

adolescence is usually associated with _________

A

teenage years

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25
Q

define adulthood

A

characterized as the entry into adulthood now takes longer and happens in more individualized way

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26
Q

the process of individual biological development are strongly mediated by ________ and _________ plays a key role

A

social context
family circumstances

27
Q

extended family?

A

past-3 or more generation living together, everyone caring young and elderly

28
Q

nuclear family

A

adult couple united in partnership and parenthood and their socially acknowledged children

29
Q

historically, function of family and the roles of family have been significantly influenced by the changes in ________________?

A

economic system of production

30
Q

the elderly population is frequently portrayed as an __________ by both the govt and media.

A

ever-increasing burden

31
Q

for what factors is old age considered as a “social problem”

A

pension
long term care
alzheimer
burden
retirement

32
Q

dependency in older age can be conceived as some inevitable outcome of _____ and ____ decline.

A

biological and physical decline

33
Q

_________ marks out an association between older age and relative poverty.

A

low levels of pension

34
Q

what do u mean by healthy life expectancy

A

expected years of life in good or fairly good health has increase for all over the past

35
Q

in 2004, what was the healthy life expectancy at birth for men and women?

A

men-68.0 yrs
women- 70.3 yrs

36
Q

what reinforces the construction of older age as a period of dependency?

A

policy of retirement

37
Q

what did sociological work of amber and Ginn (1993) asserted as a key of concern for older people?

A

to maintain their independence and autonomy

38
Q

is good health related with strong wealth

A

strong wealth- reports about poor health-aged over 50
average wealth-good health-3 times higher than the ones with poor wealth
poor wealth-poor health

39
Q

what is the third age

A

post retirement but before illness and incapacity

40
Q

third age is ________ for post retirement

A

lifestyle choices

41
Q

retirement Is now represented as_____________ rather than __________.

A

acquisition of leisure
loss of employment

42
Q

third age is ______+ years before the fourth age of ______ and ______.

A

50+
illness and incapacity

43
Q

what is the third age referred as rather than period of social dependency?

A

“golden autumn” of consumption and lifestyle opportunities

44
Q

but the golden age depend on having ______ and ______.

A

wealth and money

45
Q

what did rowe and kahn defined successful ageing as?

A

absence of disease and disability, maintenance of cognitive and physical function , productive social interaction with other.

46
Q

what is the main emphasis of successful ageing according to role and kahn?

A

it is within the control of individuals
types of lifestyle choices and associated health behaviours .

47
Q

what is the concept of third age predicted on?

A

sufficient income and wealth in older age, access lifestyle choices.

48
Q

what is the defining characteristic of social life?

A

consumption of goods and services

49
Q

with time death has become much less shared community rather ____________- of death is being done.

A

privatization

50
Q

processes contributing to privatization of death

A

decline in public disposer to death and dying
decline in culture of public mourning
medicalization of death and dying

51
Q

what is decline in public exposure to death and dying?

A

infectious epidemic- degenerative diseases being the primary reason of death, development in sanitation, clean water supplies, less overcrowd housing, dramatic increase in life expectancy

52
Q

decline in culture of public mourning?

A

vision is, ending of biological life rather than gateway to higher spiritual experience, denial of death(not much time taken off for grieving)

53
Q

medicalization of death and dying?

A

adding more and more medical aspect into daily lives
patient who does not respond to treatment-bad patient

54
Q

what is argued about the logic of THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF DEATH?

A

death can somehow be controlled since disease causes death and in theory all diseases can be conquered

55
Q

what are the 5 features of good death

A

awareness of dying
personal preparations and social adjustments
public preparations
formal and informal farewells

56
Q

define privatization of death

A

death has become much less of a shared community experience and more of personal and private grief

57
Q

_______ is the most concrete outcome in heath outcomes.

A

death

58
Q

define achieving a “good death”

A

increasing awareness of dying, time to settle emotional “accounts”, sorting wild, having formal and informal farewells.

59
Q

define grief

A

inward feeling and thoughts about loss of a loved one, internal process, universal

60
Q

define mourning

A

behaviours related to grief, external expression of grief, and it differs across cultures

61
Q

what are the diff conventions of grief

A

explanation of death
eulogies
funerals
some form of continued existence after death-heaven, living with spirits, ghosts

62
Q

monotheistic religions

A

christian, muslim
only one god, believing in afterlife

63
Q

ancestor worship?

A

life is cyclical not linear
dead may not be physically visible but are alive in diff world and reincarnate in new births

64
Q

where is the tradition og sweeping of graves practised

A

china
to tend the graves of the departed ones

65
Q

day of dead

A

Mexico
holiday focusing on gathering of family and friends to pray for and remember those who died

66
Q

the cultures where ancestor worship is common, __________ and _______ maybe low.

A

acceptance of organ donation
creamtion

HLST 110 (7 decks)

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