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HLST 110 > life course > Flashcards

life course Flashcards

1
Q

define life cycle

A

process of aging from birth to death, which implies a predictable and universal set of stages through which one will pass, which Is not the case.

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2
Q

define life course

A

is a broader and more dynamic comparison to the life cycle

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3
Q

life course is the individual development within __________.

A

social context

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4
Q

what are the 4 courses of life cycle?

A

childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age

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5
Q

define childbirth

A

ending of pregnancy where one or more babies leave the uterus by passing through vagina or Caesarean section

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6
Q

define medicalization

A

a process where a situation formerly considered natural is subsumed into the biomedical sphere.

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7
Q

define trajectories?

A

changing level of individual participation within social structures ex. schooling, work, marriage and parenthood.

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8
Q

___________ considers the situation of being pregnant like the condition of her being ill.

A

medicalization

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9
Q

_______ mark the beginning and end of trajectories.?

A

transitions
ex from child- adult and from regular employment to retirement

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10
Q

what factors are analyzed for adult mortality?

A

mother’s condition during foetal stage, birth weight, height, prevalence of diseases and sometimes info from blood tests

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10
Q

transitions are typically of _________ duration than trajectories?

A

shorter

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11
Q

define historical time?

A

importance of age cohort effects.

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12
Q

which has a better rate for babies surviving?netherland or uk

A

Netherland

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12
Q

define biographical lifetime?

A

processes, experiences and events that occur during an individual’s lifetime.
some highly individual, other influenced by the social context

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13
Q

what are the 2 key aspects of a more rounded approach to understand childbirth ?

A

cultural differences in childbirth
medicalization of childbirth

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14
Q

who is the main health professional involved in childbirth in Netherlands?

A

mid wife

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15
Q

in uk childbirth is not perceived as a natural healthy state but as a state of______ and ______?

A

medical and biological risk

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16
Q

the medicalization of childbirth represents __________ for mothers.

A

a loss of control

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17
Q

what age was considered as adult in Middle Ages?

A

7

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18
Q

is childhood defined as a universal constant?

A

no, time and culture changes this

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19
Q

childbirth in pre modern time?

A

was not safe resulted in death for both mother and child.

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20
Q

what does childhood refers to many people?

A

usually between 5 to 14 yrs

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21
Q

what was the consequence of of children of 7 years considered as adults?

A

were apprenticed to work on the fields and in some other craft

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22
Q

childhood is not a _____________?

A

universal constant

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23
define adolescence
transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during periods from puberty to legal adulthood
24
adolescence is usually associated with _________
teenage years
25
define adulthood
characterized as the entry into adulthood now takes longer and happens in more individualized way
26
the process of individual biological development are strongly mediated by ________ and _________ plays a key role
social context family circumstances
27
extended family?
past-3 or more generation living together, everyone caring young and elderly
28
nuclear family
adult couple united in partnership and parenthood and their socially acknowledged children
29
historically, function of family and the roles of family have been significantly influenced by the changes in ________________?
economic system of production
30
the elderly population is frequently portrayed as an __________ by both the govt and media.
ever-increasing burden
31
for what factors is old age considered as a "social problem"
pension long term care alzheimer burden retirement
32
dependency in older age can be conceived as some inevitable outcome of _____ and ____ decline.
biological and physical decline
33
_________ marks out an association between older age and relative poverty.
low levels of pension
34
what do u mean by healthy life expectancy
expected years of life in good or fairly good health has increase for all over the past
35
in 2004, what was the healthy life expectancy at birth for men and women?
men-68.0 yrs women- 70.3 yrs
36
what reinforces the construction of older age as a period of dependency?
policy of retirement
37
what did sociological work of amber and Ginn (1993) asserted as a key of concern for older people?
to maintain their independence and autonomy
38
is good health related with strong wealth
strong wealth- reports about poor health-aged over 50 average wealth-good health-3 times higher than the ones with poor wealth poor wealth-poor health
39
what is the third age
post retirement but before illness and incapacity
40
third age is ________ for post retirement
lifestyle choices
41
retirement Is now represented as_____________ rather than __________.
acquisition of leisure loss of employment
42
third age is ______+ years before the fourth age of ______ and ______.
50+ illness and incapacity
43
what is the third age referred as rather than period of social dependency?
"golden autumn" of consumption and lifestyle opportunities
44
but the golden age depend on having ______ and ______.
wealth and money
45
what did rowe and kahn defined successful ageing as?
absence of disease and disability, maintenance of cognitive and physical function , productive social interaction with other.
46
what is the main emphasis of successful ageing according to role and kahn?
it is within the control of individuals types of lifestyle choices and associated health behaviours .
47
what is the concept of third age predicted on?
sufficient income and wealth in older age, access lifestyle choices.
48
what is the defining characteristic of social life?
consumption of goods and services
49
with time death has become much less shared community rather ____________- of death is being done.
privatization
50
processes contributing to privatization of death
decline in public disposer to death and dying decline in culture of public mourning medicalization of death and dying
51
what is decline in public exposure to death and dying?
infectious epidemic- degenerative diseases being the primary reason of death, development in sanitation, clean water supplies, less overcrowd housing, dramatic increase in life expectancy
52
decline in culture of public mourning?
vision is, ending of biological life rather than gateway to higher spiritual experience, denial of death(not much time taken off for grieving)
53
medicalization of death and dying?
adding more and more medical aspect into daily lives patient who does not respond to treatment-bad patient
54
what is argued about the logic of THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL OF DEATH?
death can somehow be controlled since disease causes death and in theory all diseases can be conquered
55
what are the 5 features of good death
awareness of dying personal preparations and social adjustments public preparations formal and informal farewells
56
define privatization of death
death has become much less of a shared community experience and more of personal and private grief
57
_______ is the most concrete outcome in heath outcomes.
death
58
define achieving a "good death"
increasing awareness of dying, time to settle emotional "accounts", sorting wild, having formal and informal farewells.
59
define grief
inward feeling and thoughts about loss of a loved one, internal process, universal
60
define mourning
behaviours related to grief, external expression of grief, and it differs across cultures
61
what are the diff conventions of grief
explanation of death eulogies funerals some form of continued existence after death-heaven, living with spirits, ghosts
62
monotheistic religions
christian, muslim only one god, believing in afterlife
63
ancestor worship?
life is cyclical not linear dead may not be physically visible but are alive in diff world and reincarnate in new births
64
where is the tradition og sweeping of graves practised
china to tend the graves of the departed ones
65
day of dead
Mexico holiday focusing on gathering of family and friends to pray for and remember those who died
66
the cultures where ancestor worship is common, __________ and _______ maybe low.
acceptance of organ donation creamtion

HLST 110 (7 decks)

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