Sex differences Flashcards
SRY gene
Single gene on the Y-chromosome, that when deleted, turns a male into a female
Testes determining factor (TDF)
Development of the wolffian duct into internal male reproductive system
No SRY gene:
Development of mullerian duct into female internal reproductive system
Male hormone
Testosterone
Female hormone
Estradiol
Subregions that differs between sexes
- SDN
- SON/PVN
- SCN
- BNST
- INAH3
SDN
Male have more cell than females. Involved in various basic behaviours (sex,emotion and hunger).
Amount of difference in receptors between male and female in the brain:
PVN, SON, SDN, SCN have more receptors in males. BNST has no difference
Neurotransmitters in BNST
Males have more than females
Brain regions larger in females
- Anterior commissure
2. Corpus collosum
Males connectome
Connection between perception and coordination. More interconnections with in the hemisphere
Females connectome
Communicaion between analysticl and intuitive processing. More communication between the hemispheres
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- Often infertile
- Low testosterone
- small testicles
- Taller
- Breast
Turner syndrome (XO)
- Look like women
- no period/sterile
- physic abnormalities
- cognitive deficits
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Overgrown adrenal glands secrete large amount of androgens. Receptors are overstimulated. In females causes masculinized genitalia, No periods, may be infertile.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)
XY males with defective androgen receptors.
- develop testes, but enable to use testosterone
- female genitalia, breasts, no periods/infertile
Rett syndrome
autism only found in girls
Klein-levin syndrome
Only found in men, slee 15-21 hrs a day.
High level of astrogen causes:
More spines on the hippocampal neurons
Proestrus
Many spine in hippocampus -> place learning
Estrus
Few spines in hippocampus -> response learning
Diestrus
Intermediate nr of spines in hippocampus
