Severson Urinary Development Board Questions

Question 1

Which of the following structures gives rise to the ureteric bud?
A.	Allantois
B.	Cloaca
C.	Mesonephric duct
D.	Mesonephric tubules
E.	Urogenital sinus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

2.	During development, which of the following structures serves to divide the cloaca?
A.	Allantois
B.	Mesonephric duct
C.	Metanephric blastema
D.	Ureteric bud
E.	Urorectal septum

Answer 2

E

Question 3

3. Which of the structures listed below is derived from the mesonephric duct?
   A. Metanephric (mesoderm) blastema
   B. Oviduct
   C. Ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)
   D. Urethra
   E. Urinary bladder

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What structure gives rise to the penile urethra?
A.	Mesonephric duct
B.	Paramesonephric duct
C.	Urachus
D.	Ureteric bud
E.	Urogenital sinus

Answer 4

E

Question 5

What structure does the embryonic mesonephric ducts enter?
A.	Allantois
B.	Cloaca
C.	Ureter
D.	Urethra
E.	Urinary bladder

Answer 5

B

Question 6

Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the mesonephros?
A.	Appendix of the epididymis
B.	Ductus deferens
C.	Epididymis
D.	Seminal vesicle
E.	Urethra

Answer 6

E

Question 7

During development of the kidneys, some cells become lodged in the developing glomerular capsule and give rise to what structure?
A.	Arched collecting ducts
B.	Bowman's capsule epithelium
C.	Glomerular capillaries
D.	Macula densa cells
E.	Podocytes

Answer 7

C

Question 8

The cranial part of the urogenital sinus is continuous with what structure?
A.	Allantois
B.	Cloaca
C.	Rectum
D.	Urethra
E.	Yolk sac

Answer 8

A

Question 9

From what structure does the metanephrogenic diverticulum (ureteric bud) appear as a dorsal bud?
A.	Cloaca
B.	Intermediate mesoderm
C.	Mesonephric duct
D.	Metanephric blastema
E.	Urogenital sinus

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Embryologically, each nephron consists of two parts, the metanephric tubule and that derived from the ureteric bud.  The two parts become confluent at what kidney structures? 
A.	Collecting duct and the minor calyx
B.	Distal tubule and the collecting duct
C.	Loop of Henle and the distal tubule
D.	Proximal tubule and Bowman's capsule
E.	Proximal tubule and the loop of Henle

Answer 10

B

Question 11

The unsegmented caudal portion of the intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?
A.	Mesonephric duct
B.	Mesonephros
C.	Metanephrogenic mesoderm (blastema)
D.	Pronephros
E.	Ureteric bud

Answer 11

C

Question 12

The kidneys develop in the pelvic region. Relative growth of the caudal part of the body causes the kidneys to ascend. What causes or stops the ascent of the kidneys?
A. Kidneys complete their rotation
B. Kidneys receive renal arteries
C. Right kidney comes in contact with liver
D. Upper pole of the kidneys comes in contact with the adrenal glands
E. Upper pole of the kidneys reach the lower surface of the diaphragm

Answer 12

D

Question 13

During the kidneys ascent, how do the kidneys rotate?
A. Dorsally and their cortex becomes lateral
B. Laterally and their hila become medial
C. Medially and their hila become medial
D. Ventrally and their cortex becomes medial
E. Ventrally and their hila become medial

Answer 13

C

Question 14

In the development of the urinary system, the ureters are derived from what developmental structure?
A. Allantois
B. Mesonephric duct
C. Metanephric blastema
D. Metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud)
E. Pronephric duct

Answer 14

D

Question 15

Where does differentiation of a nephron begin?
A. Distal tubule
B. Lateral division of the ureteric bud
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Segment related to the collecting duct
E. Segment related to the glomerulus

Answer 15

D

Question 16

What embryonic structures form the urogenital membrane?
A. Embryonic endoderm and ectoderm
B. Embryonic endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
C. Endoderm from the allantois
D. Oropharyngeal membrane
E, Urorectal septum mesoderm

Answer 16

A

Question 17

What developmental structure gives rise to the female urethra?
A.	Allantois
B.	Mesonephric duct
C.	Paramesonephric duct
D.	Surface ectoderm
E.	Urogenital sinus

Answer 17

E

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the most caudal portion of mesonephric ducts is (are) CORRECT?
A. The mesonephric ducts are incorporated into the dorsal wall of the urinary bladder.
B. The mesonephric ducts contribute to the connective tissue of the trigone.
C. The mesonephric ducts in a female fetus, after their migration, degenerate.
D. The mesonephric ducts in a male fetus, migrate caudally and medially to open into the prostatic urethra.
E. All of the above statements are correct.

Answer 18

E

Question 19

What structure is derived from the allantois after birth?
A.	Genital tubercle
B.	Umbilical cord
C.	Urachus
D.	Urethra
E.	Vitelline duct

Answer 19

C

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding a horseshoe kidney is CORRECT?
A. A horseshoe kidney is normally located in the pelvis.
B. A horseshoe kidney is a persistent mesonephric kidneys.
C. A horseshoe kidney may be caused by early duplication of the ureteric bud.
D. A horseshoe kidney results from fusion of the caudal poles of the metanephric kidneys.
E. A horseshoe kidney results from non-division of metanephric blastema.

Answer 20

D

Question 21

Any condition that interferes with production or drainage of urine in a fetus may lead to what urinary system abnormality?
A.	Hydronephrotic kidney
B.	Megaureter
C.	Oligohydramnios
D.	Overdistended urinary bladder
E.	All of the above

Answer 21

E

Question 22

Failure of the urethral folds to fuse during embryonic life would be expected to result in what condition?
A.	Epispadias
B.	Exstrophy of urinary bladder
C.	Horseshoe kidney
D.	Hypospadias
E.	Multiple ureters

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Which of the following may result from a persistent open allantois (urachus)?
A.	Meckel's diverticulum
B.	Meconium at the umbilical region
C.	Omphaloenteric fistula
D.	Posterior urethral valves
E.	Urachal sinus

Answer 23

E