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ER Week 3 > Nutrition and Human Health > Flashcards

Nutrition and Human Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of medical schools meeet the minimum number of hours recommended by the national academy of sciences for nutrition education?

A

only 30%

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2
Q

What are the 4 leading causes of death related to nutrition?

A

cardiovascular disease (#1)
cancer (#2)
stroke (#5)
diabetes (#7)

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3
Q

What are the leading contributors to premature death?

A

diet and physical inactivity is first!

tobacco
alcohol
microbial agents
toxic agents
firearms
sexual behavior
motor vehicles
drug use
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4
Q

What are the dietary factors that increase preventable causes of death in the US

A 
high dietary salt
low dietary omega 3 fatty acids
high dietary trans fatty acids
low fruit and veggie intake
low dietary poly-unsaturated fatty acids
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5
Q

What percentage of adults are overweight or obese?

A

68%!!!

more than a third are obese

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6
Q

What were the medical costs associated with obesity in 2008?

A

147 billion!

this is 1,429 higher than those of normal weight

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7
Q

What two sections in the ACA focused on the movement towards prevention?

A

title III - improving quality and efficiency of healthcare (looking at how payments are made - changing the fee for service model)

Title IV - Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health - which formed the national prevention council

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8
Q

What are the four directions the national prevention council is working?

A
  1. heatlh and safe community environments
  2. clinical and community preventive services
  3. elimination of health disparities
  4. empowered people
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9
Q

What are the national prevention strategy recommendations for health eating?

A
  1. increase access to healthy and affordable food
  2. implement organizational and programmatic nutrition standards and policies
  3. improve nutritional quality of the food supply
  4. help people recognize and make healthy food and beverage choices
  5. support policies and programs that promote breastfeeding
  6. enhance food safety
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10
Q

What are the ICSI health lifestyles guidelines

A 
diet
physical activity
tobacco use
alcohol use
sleep hygiene
positive attitude
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11
Q

What is the minimum goal for improved nutrition from ICSI

A

eat a variety of fruits and vegetables every day

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12
Q

What are the optimal goals for improved nutrition from ICSI?

A

go on a diet plan that can optimize an individual’s nutritional status - Mediterranean Diet, Portfolio Diet, and DASH Diet

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13
Q

What percentage of water withdrawn for human use goes to agriculture?

A

70%

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14
Q

What percentage of all water-quality problems in the national rivers and strams are due to agriculture?

A

75%

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15
Q

What are the dirty dozen?

A 
apples
celery
cherry tomatoes
cucumbers
grapes
nectarines
peaches
potatoes
snap peas
spinach
strawberries
sweet bell peppers
hot peppers
kale
collard greens
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16
Q

What are the clean fifteen?

A 
asparagus
avocadoes
cabbage
cantaloupe
cauliflower
eggplant
grapefruit
kiwi
mangoes
onions
papayas
pineapples
sweet corn
sweet peas
sweet potatoes
17
Q

What percentage of antibiotics produced in this country are used in animal agriculture?

A

80%

74% of which are for non-therapeutic purposes

18
Q

What are conditions promoting antibiotic resistance in agriculture?

A
  1. failure of infection control (crowding, sub-optimal hygiene)
  2. exposure to antibiotics that is widespread, prolonged with little dose control
  3. stress reactions increase bacterial shedding
19
Q

What wsa the goal of preservation of antibiotics and medical treatment act?

A

to direct the FDA to phase out medically important antibiotics use in agrigulture unless demonstrated not to promote resistance

20
Q

What voluntary guidance did the FDA put out in 2013?

A

to limit certain non-therapeutic uses (growth promotion) uses of antibiotics and to put those drugs under the guidance of a veterinarian

21
Q

What are the two main climate change bad actors in terms of food production?

A

red meat and dairy products

22
Q

Which would achieve more green house gas reduction - buying all locally sourced food or shifting less than one day’s worth of calories from red meat/dairy to chicken/fish/eggs/vegetarian?

A

shift the diet

ER Week 3 (6 decks)

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