Settlement vocabulary

Question 1

rural

Answer 1

To do with villages and the countryside

Question 2

Urban

Answer 2

To do with towns and cities.

Question 3

Industrial

Answer 3

To do with factories and manufacturing.

Question 4

High order settlements

Answer 4

Settlements, usually towns or cities, which provide goods and services that are bought infrequently and that are expensive so people are willing to travel a long way to buy or use them.

Question 5

High order

Answer 5

Goods or services that are bought infrequently and are expensive.

Question 6

Low order/Convenience Goods

Answer 6

Goods and services that are bought frequently and which are usually cheap.

Question 7

low order settlements

Answer 7

Settlements, usually villages and hamlets, that provide goods and services that are bought frequently and are cheap so people are only willing to travel a short distance to buy or use them.

Question 8

Range

Answer 8

The distance people are prepared to travel to buy a good or service e.g. low order goods and services have a small range; high order goods and services have a large range.

Question 9

Sphere of Influence

Answer 9

The area surrounding an activity that is influenced by it e.g. sports centre or a local park. It is also called the catchment area.

Question 10

site

Answer 10

the physical characteristics of the area.

Question 11

settlement

Answer 11

Any form of permanent place of residence

Question 12

Situation

Answer 12

The situation of a settlement describes the location of the settlement in relation to other neighbouring settlements and transport routes.

Question 13

Nucleated settlement

Answer 13

Settlements are made up of a cluster of buildings, usually around a central point, such as a crossroads or bridge over a river. Many have developed in lowland areas where land is fertile.

Question 14

Linear settlements

Answer 14

Settlements are long and thin ( ribbon shaped). These develop along a road or river valley or in an area where flat land is limited.

Question 15

Dispersed settlements

Answer 15

Farms and isolated buildings that are scattered across the countryside and surrounded by farmland. often found in upland areas.

Question 16

Function

Answer 16

The function of a settlement is its main economic activity or purpose e.g. Market town, Port, Industrial Town, Tourist Resort

Question 17

Sheltered site

Answer 17

often in the lower parts of valleys - often on warmer, south facing slopes (aspect).

Question 18

A wet point site

Answer 18

near to a reliable source of water - beside a river, stream.

Question 19

A dry point site

Answer 19

Normally slightly raised to avoid flooding.

Question 20

Bridging point

Answer 20

Is a shallow area along a river where bridges can be built.

Question 21

nodal point

Answer 21

A place at which things, such as transportation routes, converge.

Question 22

Settlement Hierarchy

Answer 22

a way of arranging settlements into a rank order based upon their population or some other criteria.

Question 23

Service hierarchy

Answer 23

Settlements can be ranked according to the type of services they provide, such as health care or education.

Question 24

Threshold population

Answer 24

The minimum number of people needed before a particular good or service can be provided in an area.

Question 25

conurbation

Answer 25

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of one or more cities.

Question 26

Megalopolis

Answer 26

a region in which several large cities and surrounding areas grow together

Question 27

CBD -Central Business District

Answer 27

The main commerical and shopping area of a town or city.

Question 28

inner city

Answer 28

the older, central part of a city with crowded neighborhoods in which usually low-income groups live.

Question 29

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 29

Where the urban area meets the rural countryside at the edge of a town or city.

Question 30

bid-rent curve

Answer 30

a chart explaining land costs getting cheaper as you move away from the CBD

Question 31

Urban Regeneration

Answer 31

*The revival of old parts of the built‐up area by either installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as renewal) or opting for redevelopment (ie demolishing existing buildings and starting afresh).

Question 32

enterprise zones

Answer 32

Specific geographic areas to which governments try to attract private business investment by offering lower taxes and other government support

Question 33

Gentrification

Answer 33

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

Question 34

Counter-urbanisation definition

Answer 34

When large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside or rural areas.

Question 35

urban sprawl

Answer 35

The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.

Question 36

Suburbanisation

Answer 36

Suburbanization is a population shift from central urban areas into suburbs, resulting in the formation of urban sprawl

Question 37

Green Belt

Answer 37

Areas of land surrounding a city where any new housing or industrial development is forbidden or is severaly restricted to protect green land around the city.

Question 38

Dormitory settlement

Answer 38

People who live in these settlements, do not work in them as they travel to work in the cities and towns.

Question 39

commuter belt

Answer 39

A residential area within relatively easy reach of (and often surrounding) a city, where many of the residents travel to and from the city daily.

Question 40

NIMBY

Answer 40

An acronym for the phrase "not in my back yard". Opposition by residents to proposed developments in their local area,

Question 41

Greenfield site

Answer 41

A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development.

Question 42

Brownfield site

Answer 42

Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city.

Question 43

Favelas

Answer 43

Housing areas that often lack basic services, such as running water;sewage and electricity; the residents have no legal right to the land on which they live.

Question 44

Squatter Settlement

Answer 44

An area of makeshift housing that usually develops on unfavourable sites in and around an MIC or LIC city; they are also known as favelas, shanty towns or bustees.

Question 45

Self-help schemes

Answer 45

Small-scale schemes which allow residents to help improve their local area.

Question 46

Mega city

Answer 46

Cities with a population of over 10 million

Question 47

Urbanisation

Answer 47

The process by which an increasing proportion of people live in towns and cities instead of the coutryside - this could be a result of natural increase or migration.

Question 48

Periférico

Answer 48

Poor quality housing with some basic services.

Question 49

rural depopulation

Answer 49

The decrease in population of rural areas, whether by Out-migration or by falling birth rates as young people move away, usually to urban areas

Question 50

Self help schemes

Answer 50

This is where the government provide building materials and the local residents provide the labour to build the houses.

Question 51

Site and service schemes

Answer 51

Local government provides land and build new roads with electricity and water connections. Local residents are given or sold plots of land that they can build their houses on. Some site and service schemes will have the built housing sold to poor low income families.

Question 52

Rural depopulation

Answer 52

Rural depopulation is usually when numbers of working age people migrate from the countryside to earn more money in the city. They leave behind the old and the young.

Question 53

Microfinance

Answer 53

provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries.