Settlement case studies Flashcards
Leuven Settlement Hierarchy:
city, 100,000 population, nodal point, large market top of the hierarchy, high order shops & services ( KU Leuven, IMEC, 2 hospitals, sporting venues, cinema, theatres)
Overijse Settlement Hierarchy:
Large Town, 24,000 people, swimming pool, cultural centre, secondary school, several bars, restaurants, banks, bus station.
Neerijse Settlement Hierarchy:
Village, population 1,742, low order shops & services - pharmacy, church, cafe, primary school, post office, bakery, bus service, hair dresser.
Huldenberg Settlement Hierarchy:
Town, population 9,464, wide range of low order shops & services - pharmacy, post office, but also has some small high order shops - book shop, electronics store, car wash, football club. Located on a main route into Leuven.
Benefits of redeveloping Newcastle’s Quayside:
Appears a vibrant modern district. It’s full of bars, restaurants, club and popular cultural and business functions, which attracts visitors, tourists and businesses to the city. Helped 2000 local people find work
Costs of redeveloping Newcastle’s Quayside:
Criticised jobs for being too services based or managerial, which local people couldn’t access. 25% of new houses were low cost but the others were high value and priced the local people out, with rents in the area increasing. New ‘signature’ developments also forced people out of the area through compulsory purchases.
Comprehensive Redevelopment of Newcastle’s Quayside:
Led by Tyne & Wear Development Corporation. 26 miles of derelict wasteland redeveloped e.g. Baltic Flour Mill turned into a modern art gallery, old warehouses turned into modern flats, bars and restaurants & hotels. New Sage Music centre & Millennium Bridge.
Causes of inner city decline in Molenbeek
Deindustrialisation = out migration, low levels of investment and a high incidence of poverty and social deprivation
Redevelopment of the Canal Zone
Port Ninove ( redundant, toxic wasteland) - now has a new park, better transport links, & new apartments. Local breweries renovated into art galleries & hotel. Up-Site building, Tour & Taxi ( old warehouse) - Shops, restaurants, hotels & offices. Docks shopping mall & cinema..
Molenbeek’s cultural fight back
Part of the cartoon strip walk ( attracts tourists), MolenGeek ( computer programming & coding classes available for start ups), Ras El Hanout Theatre ( cultural centre), La Vallee ( welcomes createative minds - artists, architects ( former laundry plant).
Molenbeek conflicts
Gentrification ( Up-Site) Rents are likely to rise as the rich move in. Services may change and low income households may be slowly forced out. Not enough social housing at Port Ninove ( only 120 compared to 250 apartments aimed at the rich).
Changes of Brussels RUF
More housing developments ( Tervuren area), loss of vineyards, Hunting Forest threatened by ring road, more traffic congestion and air pollution, more noise pollution from airport, house prices rise.
Lagos, Nigeria Facts:
Nigeria’s biggest city is growing at a terrifying rate. The UN says 14 million. The Lagos government thinks i 21 million. By 2050 Nigeria will have x2 its population. 50% will live in cities, and about 60% of them will be under 25, leading to natural increase.
Why does Lagos have a high fertility?
Mean age of female at 1st birth =22yrs, use of contraception 23%, child brides 9%, primary enrolement 60-70%, cultural desire for large familes.
What push factors exist in Nigeria?
Boko Haram ( terrorist group), North of country suffers for droughts ( edge of Sahel), rural poverty, ethnic conflicts and clashes over land.
Lagos pull factors:
More job opportunities ( fishing, manufactoring, services). Better health care & education. More reliable electricity. 30% of country’s GDP comes from Lagos.
Makoko facts:
Slum built on edge of Lagoon. Built on stilts. Nick named ‘Venice of Africa’. 7-9 people live in each house. 15 familes have to share one communal toilet. Only 10% of Lagos’ population have access to water. Sewage seeps out under homes.
Challenges in Lagos.
Slums, only 10% have access to water in home, 40% work in the informal sector doing dangerous jobs. GDP per capita $4,333, 19% unemployed, only 7% of legal rights to land, malaria and low life expectancy.
Self Help Schemes: Rocinha, Bairro Project
The authorities have provided basic materials to improve peoples homes with safe electricity and sewage pipes.
Government has demolished houses and created new estates.
Community policing has been established, along with a tougher stance on gangs with military backed police.
Greater investment in new road and rail network to reduce pollution and increase connections between rich and poor areas.
Site and service Complexo de Alemao
Installation of a cable car to the comerical centre of Ipanema - inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day.
*Access to credit to allow inhabitants to buy materials to improve their home.
*100% mortgages available for people to buy their homes.
*A Pacifying Police Unit (UPP) set up, with police patrolling the community.
Improvements Complexo de Alemao
Improvements in Complexo do Alemão:
*Paved roads
*Access to water supply and drainage system for improved sanitation.
*Hillsides secured to prevent landslides.
*Building of new health, leisure and education facilities.
Barra - Slum dwellers evicted
Due to the Olymapic development. Slum dwellers evicted off the land and relocated in communities on the outskirts of town. Lost community spirit, long way to travel into work.
Causes of rural depopulation in Northern Nigeria
Insecurity ( bandits & Boko Haram), Climate change & more frequent droughts, poor services, poverty, mechanisation ( lack of farming jobs).
Impacts of rural depopulation in Northern Nigeria
Families split apart, children need to work on the farm, as one parent has left. Old people left behind, who can’t do the physical labour.
Solutions to rural depopulation
Microfinance, FAO educating farmers on how to farm more sustainably. WB supporting people in the NE to become more resilient, investing in infrastructure.
Causes of depopulation in Cornwall
House prices high ( Demand from elderly & 2nd homes), mechanisation of farming, industries closing and depleting fish stocks = lack of jobs. Many jobs linked to tourism and are seasonal.
Effects of depopulation on Cornwall
Poverty, young people forced to leave ( lack of jobs + high cost of housing), services close, strain caused by elderly population.
Housing strategies in Cornwall
Help to buy schemes, discounted sales, discounted rent schemes, support from community land trust.
