Population decline/types of migration Flashcards
What factors contribute to popukation decline?
droughts- lack of food and water, emmigration, war, low-fertilty rate, tropical diseases
What does a coffin shape mean on a population pyramid?
aging population and low-fertility rate causes coffin shape
What are some causes of Japan’s ageing population?
There are not enough child spaces provided, woman having careers and marrying later so have children later, Living spaces in Japan are small and expensive
4 decades of falling birth rates has eaten way at what in Japan?
The number of workers
What is the japanese governement doing to encourage people to start families?
cutting day care waiting lists and costs, paying wedding and birth costs and cancel taxes on wedding presents
What is the japanese life expectancy?
84
why did the japanes governement raise the retirment age?
to increase the working age and provide purpose to the elderly
What are some facts about japan?
– Population is shrinking –half by end of century.
36% of population are aged over 65yrs.
11th lowest fertility at 1.38
Lies at stage 5 of the DTM
Evaluating Japan’s population policy?
1.Abenomics policy - incentivise women to work. Some success with the female workforce increasing from 46.6% in 2007 to 51.8% in 2019.
2. Recently relaxed their strict immigration system (98.5% of the population was born in Japan).
3. Introduced pro-natalist policies, to incentivise people to have more babies. The New Angel Plan ( 1999) and the Plus One Policy ( 2009) provided new child care facilities, to address the shortage and help women get back to work. They reduced education costs, to reduce the financial burden of raising a child and they also improved family homes, as Japan lacked affordable family size accommodation. These two policies haven’t been very successful as the fertility rate hasn’t risen.
4. Robot policy – save health workers time…..but
What is the robot policy?
In care homes and hospitals the elderly will be cared for by robots
What are some types of migration?
Seasonal, Expats. Internal, Illegal, Labour, External, Forced, rural to urban, transmigration
what is forced migration?
the relocation of a large number of people due to a governement plan
What are IDP?
internally displaced people are people who are forced to leave their homes but who are not refugees as they stay in their countries borders
What is counter urbinistation?
movement of people from the city to rural environements
What is a mega city?
Large city with a population over 10 million people
