Settlement Flashcards
Site
Lamd where settlement is built on
Situation
Settlements position in relation to the surrounding human and physical features
Nucleated
All close together, close to neighbours, easy access services, areas with rich agriculture(farmers live in village but near fields)
Dispersed
Far apart, where land is poor and ppl need to farm large areas(it would be hard to live in a village within easy distance from land), found in modern settlements with big commercial farms
Linear
All in a line, each house can access road, can be along river or line of springs(water supply), put houses next to farmland to not waste theland
Relief
Altitude can make temp cold, high areas have bad drainage
Defence
Living with many people could help in an attack in history
Soil
Fertile soil is important
Resources
Oil for money, wood for starting the settlements
Water supply
Very important feature of settlement
Accessibility
For trade and communication
Market town
Farmers buy and sell goods
Port
Goods unloaded and loaded by ship
Industrial town
Most people living there work in factories
Resort
Tourists visit to enjoy
Settlement hierarchy
- Capital city
- Regional centre
- Large town
- Small town
- Village
- Hamlet
High order services
Services not needed as often, comparison goods
Low order services
Services needed often
Sphere of influence
Area served by a settlement
Threshold population
Minimum number of potential customers
Range
Distance people will travel for a service
Comparison goods
Products purchased infrequently so customers evaluate prices
Convenience goods
Goods purchased frequently with minimum effort
Why do shops and services in a capital’s CBD have large sphere of influence
Accessibility, high order services, multiple stores, choice, quality
Zone
Area with mainly one type of land use
Conurbation
Large urban area formed when cities and town merge as they grow towards each other
Land use
Different ways land is used(residential, industry, transport, leisure)
Residential
Area with houses
Burgess model in to out
CBD, factories, low class residential, medium class residential, high class residential
Where do immigrants tend to move?
Inner city with cheap prices
Disadvantages of burgess model
Mostly America cities, oversimplified, no physical features
CBD
Central business district
Transition zone
Area between suburbs and CBD
Suburbs
Areas near edge of urban area with concentration of residential land use
Rural- urban fringe
Boundary between rural and urban area
Commuter belt
Areas of residential land use where people travel to work
Greenfield site
Land that has never been built on
Brownfield site
Land that has been built on but left abandoned
Greenbelt
Protected areas of land around large urban areas
Housing density
Houses /km2
Problems of growing urban area
House shortage(demand), visual pollution, urban sprawl(habitat loss, loss of farmland), shanty towns, CBD empty and dangerous in evenings(robbery b/c inequality), CBD areas abandoned
Problems of many children in an LEDC
Lack of education, unskilled workers, future unemployment, street children (crime)
Why people move LEDC-MEDC
Unemployment, lack of services, worse healthcare, malnutrition, crime
