Rivers

Question 1

Condensation

Answer 1

Gas turning liquid

Question 2

Transpiration

Answer 2

Water evaporating from vegetation

Question 3

Evaporation

Answer 3

Liquid water turning to gas

Question 4

Throughflow

Answer 4

Movement of water thru unsaturated ground

Question 5

Groundwater flow

Answer 5

Movement of water thru saturated ground

Question 6

Surface runoff

Answer 6

Water moving across surface

Question 7

Interception

Answer 7

Object stops precipitation reaching ground beneath

Question 8

Percolation

Answer 8

Water travels from unsaturated to saturated ground

Question 9

Infiltration

Answer 9

Water travels from surface into ground

Question 10

Drainage basin

Answer 10

Area of land drained

Question 11

Catchment area

Answer 11

Area within drainage basin

Question 12

Watershed

Answer 12

Edge of high land surrounding drainage basin, marks boundary between drainage basins

Question 13

Source

Answer 13

Start of river

Question 14

Confluence

Answer 14

Where 2 rivers or streams meet

Question 15

Tributary

Answer 15

Stream joining larger river or stream

Question 16

Mouth

Answer 16

End of river, usually sea

Question 17

As we move downstream what increases

Answer 17

Discharge, occupied channel width, channel depth, average velocity, load quantity

Question 18

As we move downstream what decreases

Answer 18

Load particle size, channel bed roughness, slope gradient

Question 19

Hydraulic action erosion

Answer 19

Force of river on banks makes air trapped in cracks, pressure weakens and wears away banks

Question 20

Abrasion erosion

Answer 20

Rocks carried by river wear down banks

Question 21

Attrition erosion

Answer 21

Rocks carried by river hit each other and become smaller and smoother

Question 22

Solution or corrosion, erosion

Answer 22

Soluble particles dissolved into river

Question 23

Suspension

Answer 23

Fine sediment carried by river making it look muddy

Question 24

Traction

Answer 24

Larger pebbles and cobbles rolled along sea bed

Question 25

Solution (not erosion)

Answer 25

Dissolved material carried in solution so can’t see

Question 26

Saltation

Answer 26

Small pebbles moved when one pebble hits another making it bounce, chain reaction

Question 27

Pothole

Answer 27

Upper course, Rocks called grinders swept in small depressions and abrade, river water swirled irregularly making vertical eddies, continues enlarging pothole

Question 28

Waterfall

Answer 28

Upper course, Abrasion of soft rock, plunge pool made and waterfall made, hard rock undercuts and falls, repeating retreats waterfall, rocks fall in plunge pool

Question 29

Meanders

Answer 29

Where pools (deeper) and riffles (shallow), fast water in pools erode, slow water in riffle deposits, bend created, fast water moves to outside bend due to momentum and erodes, deposition from outside of bend to inside of next, when floods water cuts across neck, deposition in neck of ox-bow cuts it off

Question 30

Flood plain

Answer 30

Lower course, area river floods when exceed bank full discharge

Question 31

Alluvium

Answer 31

Lower course, mineral rich load deposited in flood plain

Question 32

Levee

Answer 32

Lower course, ridge of sediment deposited by river along banks by floods, larger sediment stays close to river so levee made

Question 33

Arcuate deltas

Answer 33

Land around rivermouth arches into sea and river splits many times creating fan effect; made by strong currents, lots of sediment, strong waves push it back making smooth beach, Nile

Question 34

Cuspate deltas

Answer 34

Just out like arrow into sea; made by river flowing into sea and crashing w/ waves so evenly spread sediment, Ebro

Question 35

Birds foot delta

Answer 35

River splits on ways to sea and each parts just out to sea like birds foot; made by sediment rich rivers but less waves, Mississippi

Question 36

Distributaries

Answer 36

Branch of river that doesn’t return to main

Question 37

Flocculation

Answer 37

Process by which solute comes out of solution like clay joining to make large clumps

Question 38

Causes of floods

Answer 38

More rain, impermeable rocks and soils, steeper land, deforestation, more road and building surfaces( buildings stop water and rivers redirect it), frozen ground or baked hard ground

Question 39

Flashy and fatter profile

Answer 39

Enhance floods and oppose floods

Question 40

Opportunities of living near river

Answer 40

Irrigation, household use, fishing, transport, tourism, building on flat land