Development Flashcards
GNP per capita
Value of countrys final output of goods and services per year per person
Literacy rate
% of ppl that read and write
Life expectancy
Average expected living time
HDI
Composite index- life expectancy, education, income per capita
Why use composite indexes better than single indicators
Wider representation
Why are some countries poorer than others
Former colony, drought and famine, corrupt gov, export cheap goods and forced to buy expensive quality goods, pay back loans w/ interest, civil wars, subsistence farming, flooding, natural disasters, high birth rate, factories pf companies due to globalisation but cheap wages and profit goes to company, wealth inequality
Inequality withing countries
Natural resources, climate, natural beauty/ tourist attractions/ physical features
Core region
More developed region with more wealth
Periphery region
Less developed and less wealthy region that depends on core regions
Primary industry
Obtaining natural raw materials
Secondary industry
Converting raw materials into products
Tertiary industry
Provision of services
Quaternary industry
Intellectual activities
Employment structure pattern
Early stage of dev has high primary employment, as industrial base is developed secondary increases, further economical developmet grows tertiary industry and decreases secondary
Globalisation
Process by which the world becomes interconnected because of trade and cultural exchange
Results of globalisation
More international trade, more dependemce on global economy, easier movement of goods, companies operating abroad, big companies in LEDCs
Reasons for globalisation
Improvement in transport and cheaper trade, freedom of trade remove barriers between countries, improved communication internationally through internet, labour availability in LEDCs used by big companies
TNCs
Transnational Corporation- firm that owns or controls operations in over one country through foreign direct investment
How TNCs have affected globalisation rate
Investment in LEDCs, mass media to sell prods, relocation of skilled workforce
Economic factors affecting growth of globalisation
Trade blocks, outsourcing of key functions
Positive impacts of globalisation
Inward investment by TNCs, TNCs bring wealth and fpreign currency to economies, sharing of lifestyles with foreign ppl, awareness of events in far away countries, ppl more aware of global issues
-ve impacts of globalisation
Moslty in interest of richer countries, no guarantee inward investment will help local economy, absence of strict international laws, can be seen as threat to cultural diversity since it might drown out local traditions, industry grows in LEDCs and ppl lose jobs in MEDCs
Local globalisation impacts
Small businesses cant compete w/ TNCs, TNC closing a plant may lead to job loss, lower cost of international travel, development of ethnic villages
National impacts of globalisation
Loss of sovereignty to TNCs, hoher levels of international tourism, TNCs create employment, trans- boundary pollution
Global impacts of globalisation
Growing power of TNCs, hierarchy of global cities, environmental degradation
