Settlement Flashcards
What is a primate city?
A city that is twice as big as the second biggest city.
Eg: Dublin City is 2x as big as Cork City.
Why do people choose to settle somewhere?
There is a need for
- water
- food
- defence
- communications
Name four old types of settlement in Ireland.
Pre-Christian Settlers
Vikings
Normans
Plantations
Pre-Christian Settlements?
They were the first settlers- over 9,000 years ago. They mainly settled in the river Bann. Crossed from Britain via Land Bridges. They settled on the north east coast. They settled here because they had access to water, food, defence and communications.
What factors influenced the Pre-Christian settlers
Water: settled near rivers, needed water for drinking and washing
Food: fish important, access to plentiful amounts of fish, fertile land around rivers
Defence: wanted to live in places where they could easily defend themselves, built stone walls and bridges, settles on hills and crannógs.
Communications: no roads and land was covered in dense forest. Moved using rivers
Who were the first people who settled in Ireland?
Hunter-gatherers of Mount Sandel.
Why did people settle at Mount Sandel?
Used water from Bann for cooking, cleaning, washing River transport Caught fish Flint for stone tools Hunted pigs and deer
Who were the second settlers in Ireland?
Neolithic (around 4,000BC)
Why did people settle in the Boyne
Transport and communication routes
Water and fish
Fertile soils in Boyne
Hunted deer if they needed food
Name and explain different types of settlements?
Linear: settlement in line along routeway
Nucleated: settlements grouped together (towns and villages)
Dispersed: spread out and scattered, no patterns, farmhouses
What are the social and historical factors of Viking settlements?
Developed along coast and rivers
Place names with “ford” comes from Scandinavian word “fjord”
Describe monastic settlements?
Built by monks after St Patrick
Remote places like glendalough
Other monks (Franciscians) came later 1100’s set up many monasteries
Helped town grow
Describe Norman settlements?
Invaded Ireland in 12th century
Built castles along rivers to defend
Settled mainly in South and east
Ulster planation?
16/1700’s- Britons came to Ireland and set up towns
Parts of Ireland planted by queen loyalists
Eg in: strabane, enniskillen, Cavan.
Landlord towns
After plantations, many landlords built towns on lands they had been given
Spacious and well planned w/ fine architectural buildings
Eg: Abbeyleix, Birr, Kilrush, strokestown
