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Geography > Climates and Natural Regions > Flashcards

Climates and Natural Regions Flashcards

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0
Q

What is latitude?

A

The distance North or South of equator.

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1
Q

Name 3 factors that influence climate.

A

Latitude
Distance from sea/ocean
Prevailing winds/air masses

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2
Q

What happens to areas close to the sea every summer/winter?

A

Cooled by the water in the summer and warmed up by it in the winter

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3
Q

Area of land close to the sea have a…?

A

Small temperature range

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4
Q

In what way does water absorb heat in summer/winter?

A

Quickly in winter/ slowly in summer

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5
Q

What way does land absorb heat in summer/winter?

A

Absorbs quickly in summer and loses it quickly in winter

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6
Q

What kind of winters/summers do inland areas far from the sea have?

A

Very hot summers and cold winters

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7
Q

Winds and air masses can…?

A

Make an area colder, warmer, wetter or dryer

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8
Q

Where do Northerly Winds come from?

A

Cold, high latitudes

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9
Q

Northerly winds bring what in winter?

A

Snow

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10
Q

Where do Southerly winds come from?

A

Lower latitudes

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11
Q

What do they bring?

A

Rainfall

They cool as they move to higher latitudes

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12
Q

South westerly winds?

A

Cool in summer, sea takes longer to heat than land
Mild in winter, sea cools slower than land
Rainbearing

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13
Q

Easterly winds?

A

Warm in summer
Cold in winter
Dry, little moisture to absorb overland

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14
Q

What are the factors that influence local climate?

A

Aspect

Altitude

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15
Q

What is aspect?

A

Direction in which a slope is facing

Northern hemisphere warmer bc: sun shines directly, warm southerly winds, protected from cold winds

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16
Q

What is altitude?

A

Height above sea level
Temp drops 7 degrees for each 1000m you go up bc:
Air thinner
Upland areas more exposed to wind. known as wind-chill factor

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17
Q

What is a natural region?

A

An area that has its own unique characteristics that make it different to other areas

18
Q

Characteristics are…?

A

Climates
Natural vegetation
Wildlife
Cold climates

19
Q

What are the main world climates?

A

Hot
Temperate
Cold

20
Q

Where are most hot climates found?

A

In latitudes 30 degrees north and south of equator

21
Q

What are characteristics of an Equatorial climate?

A 
Hot all year (28 degrees)
One season
Rain every afternoon
Rainfall 2000mm/ year 
Rainforest/Jungle
Exotic birds, snakes, butterflies, monkeys
22
Q

What are characteristics of a Savanna climate?

A 
Hot all year (25-35 degrees)
2 seasons
Wet summers/ Dry winters
Scattered trees/grasslands
Cattle, cheetas, giraffes, lions
23
Q

What are characteristics of a Desert climate?

A

Day: 30-50 degrees. Night: 5 degrees
Precipitation: V little rain 100mm year
Long droughts, sudden downpours

24
Q

What are some characteristics of a cactus?

A

Thick bark, prevents moisture loss
Stores water inside
Roots spread out to get water
Needles to protect from animals

25
Q

What are some characteristics of a camel?

A

Long eyelashes
Opening/closing nostrils
Thick skin in legs to lay on hot sand
Can store fat in humps

26
Q

What is an oasis?

A

A fertile are in desert where water is found

27
Q

What is desertification?

A

Turning of land to desert

28
Q

When does it occur?

A

When desert conditions spread to once fertile areas

29
Q

Name an area affected by desertification

A

The Sahel

30
Q

What are the causes of desertification?

A

Climate change

Human factors

31
Q

Name a group of people affected by this

A

The Tuareg

32
Q

Why would climate change cause this?

A

Rainfall unreliable
Higher temps lead to increased evaporation and less condensation
Droughts

33
Q

How could human factors influence it?

A

countries in Sahel have high birth rate- more demand for food
Cattle leads to overgrazing
Farmers change way of farming quickly and soil loses nutrients
Trees and shrubs cut down

34
Q

What are results of desertification?

A 
Died of famine
People had to move to refugee camps
Moved to urban area (growth of slums)
Animals dead
Areas unable to support agriculture 
Towns swallowed by sand
35
Q

What are solutions to desertification?

A

Planting trees to slow soil erosion
Bind soil particles by planting grass resistant to drought
Dig deeper wells
New breeds of animal

36
Q

What are some features of a cool temperate climate?

A 
Warm in summer (15-17) 
Mild in winter (4-6) 
Temp range- 11 degrees
Between 800-2000mm of rain
Weather cloudy and changes often
Deciduous forest- oak, ash, elm, willow
37
Q

What are some features of a Mediterranean climate?

A 
Hot summers (30) some drought 
Close to equator sun is high
High pressure belts and trade winds
Cloudless skies
Mild winters (4-6) 400-700 mm
Vegetation: evergreen woodland, cork oak, cypress, cedar
38
Q

What is the landscape like in Mediterranean?

A

Sheep and goats- overgrazing
Erosion from sudden rain
Fruit and veg farming
Irrigation schemes

39
Q

What is tourism like in the Mediterranean?

A

Main industry- Costa del sol

Brings- jobs, pollution, water shortages, badly planned developments

40
Q

Tundra climate?

A 
Without trees
Summers short and cool
Less than 250 mm
Little vegetation- heather moss liches
Animal and bird in summer
41
Q

Boreal climate

A

Means northern
Low precipitation
Taiga forests

42
Q

Taiga forest

A

Needles prevent moisture loss
Roots spread
Roots shallow- permafrost
T

Geography (9 decks)

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