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Population Flashcards

0
Q

Birth rate def.

A

The amount of babies born in a year.

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1
Q

Fluctuation def.

A

Rising and falling

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2
Q

Death rate def.

A

The amount of people that have died in a year.

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3
Q

The population in developing countries?

A

Increases faster than developed countries

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4
Q

Why did this increase occur?

A

Agricultural revolution- no famine

Industrial and scientific revolution- better machinery, farming techniques, advances in healthcare and medicine

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5
Q

What are the populations of the continents Asia and Africa doing?

A

Increasing rapidly

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6
Q

America, Japan and Europe’s population is?

A

Increasing slowly

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7
Q

Germany’s population

A

Decreasing

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8
Q

Name the 5 stages of the population cycle

A
  1. High fluctuating stage
  2. Early expanding stage
  3. Late expanding stage
  4. Low fluctuating stage
  5. Senile stage
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9
Q

What happens in stage one?

A

High birth rate
High death rate
Low pop growth bc of famine+ natural disasters
Eg: remote groups

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10
Q

What happens in stage 2

A

Economy improves
Money spent on health care and water
Birth rate still high, death rate drops
Eg: India

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11
Q

Stage 3:

A

Social and economic development grows

People stop having more children and most people survive to adulthood

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12
Q

Stage 4:

A

Wealthy country
Family planning widespread
Low birth and death rate
Eg: USA

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13
Q

Stage 5:

A

V few children
Death rate higher than birth
Pop starts to decline
Eg: Germany

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14
Q

How does food supply affect population

A

People have enough food they are healthy

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15
Q

Improved technology?

A

Farming has improved as result of better machines
Use of fertilisers and irrigation
Boosted food supply

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16
Q

Health?

A

Improved access to drinking water decreases diseases (cholera, dysentery)
Improved vaccination stop diseases
Improved knowledge of health

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17
Q

War?

A

Millions killed in wars

During war: agriculture and water supplies and health services are destroyed

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18
Q

Status of women?

A

Wealthy countries- women have high status
Women get High education
Many choose career over family

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19
Q

Education:

A

Gives people (esp women) control over their lives
Educated women plan family size
They learn abt good health and hygiene
Reduces illness

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20
Q

What are population pyramids for

A

Useful way to study structure of country’s population

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21
Q

How is it arranged?

A

Age groups by 4 yrs

Male left female right

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22
Q

Population pyramid of Brazil?

A

Widest base
Birth rate high
Narrow at top- low life exp

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23
Q

Pop pyramid of Ireland

A 
Widest among y.a
Migration of East European y.a's helps w/ percentage
Less kids and teenagers
Birth rate less now
Better family planning
Working mothers
Older ages- higher
Life exp higher than Brazil
Women live longer than men
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24
Pop pyramid of Germany
Base is narrow V few children born is last decades More older ppl Women live longer than men
25
Ageing population
Cost of pensions for elderly in Ireland and Germany likely to grow Caring for elderly- challenge for healthcare Ireland and Germany are greying
26
Is population growth good or bad
``` Has been rapid since 1800 esp since 1950 Loving longer lives Less kids dying Too many people Should try to stop growth More ppl= more problems ( desertification, extinction, global warming) ```
27
Social and historical factors of for west of Ireland
``` Famine halted growth Died of hunger Eldest son inherited land Pop declined steadily from after famine til 1960's Reversed then Gov. Multinational corporations to invest in Ireland Joined EU in 73 Celtic tiger began in 1995 ```
28
Social and historical factors Brazil
5 mil inhabitants lived in Brazil b4 European discovery of Americas Mainly hunters/ gatherers Low pop dens Portuguese colonists arrived E Coast suitable for growing coffee and sugar Ports built to transport goods back to Europe Pop dens rose sharply People settles on s coast New capital built 1,000 km inland
29
Social and historical facts Brazil (part 2)
New roads and settlers offered free land Mineral resources found Settling on interior not easy extreme weather
30
What are biofuels
Energy sources can be extracted from corn sugar grass
31
Why does North dublin have a low pop dens
Airport | Market gardening on farmland
32
Why has it expanded to west
Terrain is flat
33
What resources does dublin have
Largest port Jobs High dens houses
34
Why can dublin not expand to the south
Mountains in way
35
Pop of Sweden
9.1 mil
36
Central and South of Sweden
``` Pop dens higher Rolling terrain Extreme South warm enough to grow cereals C. Rich in iron ore Malmö- ice free ```
37
Northern Sweden
``` Pop dens v low Above Arctic circle 200 days of snow Less attractive bc of cost of living Gulf of bothania freezes for 5 months Sami people, in far north ```
38
What can low pop dens lead to
Low marriage rates Abandonment of agricultural land Political and economic isolation
39
W of Ireland
B. 1930's matchmakers Girls moved to Britain and dublin to be nurses and teachers Young farmer finish education at 13 Mass 2nd ed in 60's lead to farmers being more confident
40
Abandonment of agricultural land in w of Ireland
Impossible to make living from just farming Farmers kids go to college Economic opps in service industries in places like letterkenny provide non agricultural jobs
41
Political and economic isolation in w of Ireland
West distant from dub Small no of Tds and senators Edge of Ireland less likely for companies to locate there
42
Mali
``` Landlocked S Mali Sahel N Mali Sahara 12x size of Ireland Low pop dens Most ppl in s bc of high rainfall ```
43
Drought in Mali
``` Many Scrub stripped by grazing animals Scarce timber for firewood Desertification Herders abandon land for cities in South ```
44
Political and economic isolation in Mali
``` Poor road rail links to neighbours Foreign trade v low Gold mines provide employment Gov joined WTO and African Union Good links w/ USA ```
45
High pop dens can lead to
Pollution Overcrowding Shortage of clean water Pollution
46
Overcrowding in Kolkata
``` Many areas have dens of over 32,000 Country ppl migrate there bc of eviction poverty and famine 3 gens in one home Many ppl homeless Pollution health threat ```
47
Shortage of clean water in Kolkata
Middle class hotels have water on tap Electricity powered water filter Poor districts no water Pipes on pavement provide water
48
Lack of open space in Kolkata
``` Centre of city large park No gardens City life on pavements Ppl sell stuff there Underground railway system ```
49
High rise living in Hong Kong
Most of population live in high rises Each block hundreds of families I per mother Houseboats also
50
Water supply in Hong Kong
Plover cove dammed for fresh water China provides water Seawater goes into flushing toilets
51
Pollution in Hong Kong
Teeming w/ factories and workshops Air pollution problem From power plants and traffic Red tide in bays- health risk
52
Child mortality
No. Of children who. Die under the age of 5
53
Child mortality in North
``` Healthy mothers so heathy babies Good preg care Maternity hospitals Vaccinations Clean water Educated ```
54
Child mortality in South
Mother birth at home No healthcare so babies could die At risk from measles and whooping cough Uneducated mothers use Unboiled water
55
Life exp in North
Access to health care and hospitals Vaccinations Clean water Low infant mortality rate
56
Life exp in South
Women die in childbirth | Malnutrition= malaria and tb
57
Migration
2 types
58
Migrant
Moves from one place to another Internal: moves from say dub to Mayo International: from one country to another
59
Emigrant
Leaves one country to live in another
60
Immigrant
Migrates into country from another
61
Pull factors
``` Prospect of better life Better education Jobs Social life Better housing ```
62
Push factors
``` Poor standard of living No services No jobs Living conditions War and unrest ```
63
Push factors from Ireland in 19th century
Hunger and poverty
64
Pull factors of UK in 19th century
Opportunities Short sea voyGe Jobs
65
Pull of USA
English Jobs Opportunity
66
Migration in 50's
Loss of pop | 411,000 left
67
60's
Pop grew | Jobs at home
68
70's
Pop grew again | Joined EU
69
80's
Outward migration began again | 200.000 é migrants well educated and paid abroad
70
90's
Celtic tiger 50,000 jobs Migrants returned
71
2000's
Economy grew to more than 2m workers

Geography (9 decks)

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