Set 5: Perception

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information, which enables us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

Question 2

Selective Attention

Answer 2

Perceptions about objects change from moment to moment. We can perceive different forms of the Necker cube; however, we can only pay attention to one aspect of the object at a time.

Question 3

The Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 3

This can happen due to Sequential Processing when you are only processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time.

Question 4

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 4

Inattentional blindness refers to the inability to see an object or a person in our midst.

Question 5

Change blindness

Answer 5

form of inattentional blindness in which something is seen, but changes, and the person can’t notice the change.

Question 6

Gestalt Psychologists

Answer 6

study how we take all of our experiences and make a “whole” perception.

Question 7

Figure

Answer 7

What you’re concentrating on

Question 8

Ground

Answer 8

Everything in the background

Question 9

Proximity

Answer 9

Close things are grouped together

Question 10

Similarity

Answer 10

Similar things are grouped together

Question 11

Closure

Answer 11

Things that are almost finished are “finished” by the mind.

Question 12

Depth perception - infants

Answer 12

enables us to judge distances. Gibson and Walk (1960) suggested that human infants (crawling age) have depth perception. This proved this by using the visual cliff.

Question 13

Binocular Cues - _________________________

Retinal disparity

Answer 13

Retinal disparity: A human’s two retinas send the brain two different pictures. The brain tells the slight differences between the two pictures and judges depth.

Question 14

Binocular Cues

Convergence

Answer 14

When objects are close the eyes move together, when they are far away the eyes spread apart. This sends info to the brain about how close or far an object is.

Question 15

Monocular Cues - _________________________

Relative Size

Answer 15

If two objects look alike, the bigger one seems closer

Question 16

Monocular Cues

Interposition

Answer 16

An object that blocks another object seems like it’s closer.

Question 17

Monocular Cues

Relative Clarity

Answer 17

Clear things seem close, fuzzy things seem far away.

Question 18

Monocular Cues

Texture Gradient

Answer 18

Detailed things seem close, non-detailed things seem far away.

Question 19

Monocular Cues

Linear Perspective

Answer 19

Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance. The closer the lines appear to be the further away it seems.

Question 20

Motion Perception

Answer 20

Objects traveling toward us grow in size and those moving away shrink in size. The same is true when the observer moves to or from an object.

Question 21

Stroboscopic Movement

Answer 21

is an illusion of continuous movement from looking at a rapid series of slightly varying still images

Question 22

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 22

When lights flash at a certain speed they tend to present illusions of motion. Neon signs use this principle to create motion perception.

Question 23

Autokinetic Effect

Answer 23

The Autokinetic Effect explains that when in a dark room a still light will seem to move.

Question 24

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 24

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change. Perceptual constancies include constancies of shape and size.

when a door opens we know it is opening and not changing sizes

Question 25

Size Constancy - cars

Answer 25

The size of objects tend to remain the same no matter how close or far away.

Question 26

Lightness Constancy

Answer 26

The brightness of an object tends to stay the same in every setting.

Question 27

Color Constancy

Answer 27

The color of an object tends to stay the same in every setting.

Question 28

P(pholosop)erceptual Interpretation

Answer 28

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) maintained that knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences. (Perception is inborn. Nature)

John Locke (1632-1704) argued that we learn to perceive the world through our experiences. (Perception is learned. Nurture)

Question 29

Restored (V)isi(on)

Answer 29

After cataract surgery, blind adults were able to regain sight. These individuals could differentiate figure and ground relationships, yet they had difficulty distinguishing a circle and a triangle. (Von Senden, 1932)

Question 30

Facial Recognition

Answer 30

After blind adults regained sight, they were able to recognize distinct features, but were unable to recognize entire faces.

Question 31

Sensory Deprivation - kittiens

Answer 31

Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars. (Blakemore & Cooper 1970)

Question 32

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 32

Visual ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field, e.g., prism glasses.

Question 33

Perceptual Set

Answer 33

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. What you see in the center picture is influenced by flanking pictures. it leads to hinsight bias. Backword songs

Question 34

Schemas

Answer 34

Schemas are concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information.

Children’s schemas for faces develop earlier than other other body parts.

Question 35

Features on a Face

Answer 35

Face schemas are created by distinct features of the face.

Question 36

Context Effects

Answer 36

Context can radically alter perception.

Question 37

Cultural Context

Answer 37

Context instilled by culture also alters perception.

Question 38

Human Factor Psychologists

Answer 38

design machines that assist our natural perceptions.

Question 39

extrasensory perception (ESP)

Answer 39

Perception without imput is called? A large percentage of scientists do not believe in ESP.