Set 1: Social Psychology Flashcards
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another is known as __________ ___________.
Social psychology
__________ _____________ study people in groups to analyze their behavior and thinking.
Social psychologists
A _________ ___________ is the process of forming impressions of yourself and others including someone’s motives for what they do.
Explanatory style
The ___________ theory says that we have a tendency to explain someone’s behavior as either due to the ____________ or that person’s ___________ or personality/attitude (who they are).
Ex: You are driving and someone cuts you off; _________: they must be in a hurry ; __________: they are a reckless driver
Attribution
Situation
Disposition
The human tendency to overestimate a person’s disposition (who they are) and underestimate the situation in analyzing behaviors is known as the ____________ ____________ ________.
Ex: Blame it on person rather then the situation - most common “default” thought process.
Fundamental attribution error
A _________ __________ is the process of forming impressions of yourself and others including someone’s motives for what they do.
Person perception
The _______-________ ______ is the idea that you are more likely to blame your own behavior on the situation.
Ex. You cut someone off while driving in a hurry, you think its okay that its based on the situation, but when someone else cuts you off you blame them.
Author-observer bias
A persons _______ is a belief and feeling that predisposes a person to respond in a particular way to objects, other people, and events.
Attitude
Your ________ can affect your _______. Likewise, your _________- can affect your attuide.
Ex: If you are staying later at a friends house, you may be more inclined to ask the parent that is more likely to say yes due to their attitude.
Attitude
Actions
Actions
Attitude
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to later request is known as the _________ __ ___ ________ _______________.
Ex. Parents say yes to something that is $150, but then you get them to agree to $200 beacue it’s only $50 more.
Foot in the door phenomenon
The tendency for people that have denied a large request to then to then agree to a smaller request is known as the ______ __ ____ ______ _____________.
Ex. Saying a suit is $600 dollars, you don’t plan to buy but then get bought a $300 one because it seems better then the more expensive one.
Door in the foot phenomenon
What was the Stanford Prison experiment? (_______ _______ ______ ________)
(Role Playing affec0ts Attitudes)
Ultra-realistic set in Stanford Basement
Tensions that exists when our actions and attitudes don’t match is know as _________ _____________. We often try to adjust our attitude to match our actions.
Cognitive Dissonance
Festinger and Carlsmith - paid to praise a boring task- _____________ ____________:
All subject were given a boring task and paid to tell the next group that the task would be fun.
Half of the subjects were paid $5 and the other $100.
The $5 group said it was the most fun proving ____________ _____________.
Cognitive dissonance
The __________ ___________ occurs when a person unconsciously adjusts their behavior to conform with a group.
Ex. Yawning
This phenomenon is also called __________ ____________.
Chameleon Effect
Social Contagion
Solomn Asch-Line Length- (Group Conformity):
Subject was placed in room with 5 other confederates. They all said the wrong answer and the subject would agree even if they knew it was the wrong answer.
When we follow the behvaior of other humans we are ____________, when we comply with an authority figure we are __________.
Conforming (conformity)
Obeying (Obidience)
________ ___________ is when we change our behavior to match others. It can be either normative or informative.
Social Influence
People conform for two main reasons. Either they do it to gain the approval of the group or avoid rejection. This is known as ___________ _______ __________ (__________). They also might confirm because the group may be right or have valuable information–this is known as a ____________ __________ __________ (__________).
Normative Social Influence (Conformity)
Informative Social Infuence (Conformity)
Stanley Milgram - Shock Experiment - (Obedience)
Subject were paired with a partner who was a confederate. The confederate was hooked to the shock machine. Everytime the confederate got a wrong answer, the subject was told to shock the confederate getting stronger each time. Most people went further with shocks then they wanted to.v
The __________ ____________ _________ says that there are two ways to persuade people: the central route to persuasion, the peripheral route to persuasion.
Elaboration Likelihood Model
Central route of persuasion: __________________________________________
Peripheral route to persuasion:
__________________________________________
Convincing someone to do something with facts.
Convincing someone to do something with anything but facts.
____________ _____________ refers to the fact that your performance will improve in the presence of other things that you are good at. And you will see diminished performance on things you are bad at in the presence of others.
Social Facilitation
__________ ____________ refers to when an individual in a group shows less effort then if he or she were doing it individually.
Ex. High school group projects
Social Loafing
When individuals lose their sense of self-awareness and self-control when they are in a large group is known as __________________. This can lead to riots.
Ex. Vanderbilt vs Alabama
Deindividuation
When members of a group tend to think alike their opinions will strengthen with more time they spend together, this is known as ________ ________________.
Sports Teams
Group Polarization
_____________ refers to a situation where people will try to keep harmony in a group and will lose sight of realistic alternatives to their thinking.
Ex. Toilet Paper teachers house, thinks its a bad idea, but still do it anyways.
Groupthink
The power of social influence in enourmous. But individuals such as _________ have taught us that individual power is pretty strong too.
Ghandi
A __________ is an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude towards a group and its members, while ____________ is a negative behavior towards that group.
Prejudice
Discrimination
If you belive your culture is superior to anyone else’s culture that is known as ______________.
Ethnocentrism
Although the trend that prejudice is going ______ in America, the problem still ________.
Down
Exists
Prejudice can occur in many different ways. These include; _________,_________,_________,__________, __________ ________.
Race, gender, age, socioeconomic status, LGBTQ, Disabled
Explicit vs Implicit Attitude:
Explicit: _________________________
Implicit: _____________________________
Explicit: One person is aware of
Implicit: An attitude a person has but is not consciously aware of.
Blame someone for faults or wrongs of others, usually because its easier than dealing with the root of the cause is known as ___________ ______________.
Emotional scapegoating
To put blame on the person for being wronged
Victim blaming
A persons _________ is anyone that is not included in a in-group. The _____________ __________ refers to the tendency to favor your own group. The tendency to believe your ingroup is more diverse than your outgroup is known as ____________ ______________.
Outgroup
Ingroup Bias
Outgroup Homogeneity
A persons __________ is defined as people who share a common identity with them.
Ingroup
Our world is so complicated we categorize everything to make our lives easier. Our brain can categorize people into categories which lead to stereotyping. This is known as ___________ _________ ___ ____________.
Cognative view of stereotyping
The ________ ________ _________ explains that people recognize faces from their own race easier.
Other race effect
The ________-________ ______________ is the tendency for people to believe that the works is just fair (or fair) and that people get what they deserve.
just-world phenomenon
____________ is defined as any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.
Aggression
Prosocial Behavior: _____________________________________.
Antisocial Behavior: _____________________________________.
Prosocial Behavior: Behavior that benefits or helps someone.
Antisocial Behavior: Behavior that violates social norms or others’ rights.
What Biologically affects aggression?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
Genetic Influences - Genes (Y Chromosome and low MAOA gene)
Natural Influence - The brain (amygdala / frontal lobe)
Biochemical Influence (Testosterone, Alchohol, etc)
What physically affects aggression?
__________________________
_________________________
__________________________
__________________________
Dealing with unpleasant events
Learning that aggression is rewarding
Observing models of aggression
Acquiring social scripts-mental tapes to see how they react to situations in violent movies, video games, etc.
Frustration-Aggression Principle:
Frustration–>Anger–>Aggression
In the end, like most things aggression is a product of _____________ ____________, ____________ ____________, and ___________ __________ forces.
Biological Influence, Psychological Influence, Social Cultural
A _______ is perceived as an incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.
Conflict
A _________ _________ is a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their own self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.
Social Trap
When someone takes pleasure in the misfortune of others os called a _____________________.
Schadenfreude
___________ ________ ___________ are mutal views often held by conflicting parties, where each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.
Mirror Image Perception
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called a _________ ________ _________.
Self fulling prophecy
The Psychology of attraction:
1._____________
2._____________
3._____________
Proximity
Physical attractiveness
Similarity
The mere exposure effect: _________________________________
The more you see someone the more you like them.
The __________ __________ __ _____________- states that we tend to like those whose behavior is rewarding to us. (Help us achieve our goals)
Reward Theory of Attraction
The two types of love are _____________ love which is an aroused state of intense positive absorptions (usually at the beginning od a relationship), and the ____________ love which is a deep, affectionate attachment for those with whom are lives are spent.
Passionate
Companionate
An unselfish regard for others is known as ________________.
Alturism
When people receive the same amount as they give in a relationship.
Equity
When you reveal intimate aspects about one-self that is called ___________ ___________.
Self disclosure
The ______-_______ ________ refers to the tendency of any given bystander (witness) to be less likely to give aid or help out if other bystanders are present.
Why does this happen?
_________ ____ ___________: someone else will help/_________ _____________: no one seems concerned so it must not be an emergency.
By-stander effect
Diffusion of responsibility
Pluralistic Ignorance
__________ are a soceitys understood rules for accepted and expected behaviors.
Norms
The ________ ____________ _________ theory states that all of our social behavior can be described as trying to maximize benefits while minimizing costs.
Social Exchange Theory
The ________ ______ is the expectation that we should return help and not harm those who have helped us.
Reciprocity Norm
_____________ ___________ _________ is a norm that tells us to help others when they need us even they may not repay us. (Dad)
Social Responsibility Norm
Temas often have _____________ ________, which are shared goals that often can go above individual differences.
Superordinate goals
__________ is the endearing attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group and often passed on.
Culture
__________ cultures (like Japan) stress conformity or ties to others, whole _____________ cultures (like USA) stress uniqueness and standing out.
Collectivist
Individualist
Tight Culures:
________________________________
Loose Cultures:
________________________________
Tight: People almost always follow social norms
Loose: Social norms exist but people are less likely and less pressured to follow them.
GRIT:
North Korea helps out South Korea with aid when there is a disaster. South Korea will help North Korea, and in return this will ideally lower tensions between both.
Graduated/Reciporacated Initavies during tension.
