Set 13 Flashcards
depot
depot
opaline
opaline
antler
/ˈæntlər/
(n.) one of the branched horns on the head of a deer, elk, moose, or similar animal, typically found only on males and shed and regrown annually
- The male deer’s antlers grow larger each year until they reach their prime.
- Ancient hunters often used antlers to make tools and weapons.
> late 14c., “first tine or branch of the horns of a deer,” from Anglo-French auntiler, Old French antoillier (14c., Modern French andouiller) “antler,” which is perhaps from Gallo-Roman cornu *antoculare “horn in front of the eyes,” from Latin ante “before” (from PIE root ant- “front, forehead,” with derivatives meaning “in front of, before”) + ocularis “of the eyes” (from Latin oculus “an eye,” from PIE root okw- “to see”).
> Etymonline
recoup
recoup
squalor
/ˈskwɒlər/
(n.) a state of being extremely dirty and unpleasant, especially due to poverty or neglect: DIRT, dirtiness, squalidness, filth, filthiness, grubbiness, grime, griminess, muck, muckiness, slumminess, foulness, vileness, poverty, wretchedness, dinginess, meanness, nastiness, seediness, shabbiness, sordidness, sleaziness; NEGLECT, decay, dilapidation; informal scruffiness, scuzziness, crumminess, grunge, grunginess, rattiness, tackiness; British informal grottiness
They lived in squalor after losing their home.
> 1620s, “state or condition of being miserable and dirty” (OED describes it as “a combination of misery and dirt”), from Latin squalor “roughness, dirtiness, filthiness,” from squalere “be filthy” (see squalid). The figurative use, in reference to moral qualities or states, is by 1860.
> Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus, Etymonline
under the gun
under the gun
set back on one’s heels
set back on one’s heels
scion
scion
clear the air
clear the air
plodding
plodding
bald
bald
lecherous
lecherous
insouciant
insouciant
credence
credence
profligate
profligate
indenture
indenture
belated
belated
beatific
beatific
minnow
minnow
unedifying
unedifying
hothouse
hothouse
pudgy
pudgy
preface
preface
depraved
depraved
sheathe
sheathe
maroon
maroon
disrobe
disrobe
trundle
trundle
/ˈtrʌndl/
verb
1 (with reference to a wheeled vehicle or its occupants) to move or cause to move slowly and heavily, typically in a noisy or uneven way
…Ten vintage cars trundled past.
…The truck was trundling along the escarpment of the Zambesi valley.
…A few horse-drawn carts still trundle through the dilapidated mining villages.
…The train eventually trundled in at 7.54.
…We trundled a wheelbarrow down to the river and collected driftwood.
2 (of a person) to move slowly or heavily; to walk in a slow, heavy, or awkward way
…She could hear him coughing as he trundled out.
…He trundled into the room after a long day.
…The children trundled off to bed reluctantly.
3 to develop or operate slowly
…The negotiations have been trundling on for months and there’s still no end in sight.
noun
an act of moving slowly or heavily
…The trundle of the wagon echoed in the valley.
…I could hear the trundle of the train in the distance.
> “small wheel, broad and massive, used to support heavy weights,” 1540s (implied in trundle bed), possibly from Middle English trendle “wheel, suspended hoop” (early 14c.), from Old English trendel “ring, disk” (see trend (v.)). It also is probably in part from or influenced by Old French trondeler “to roll down, fall down,” which is of Germanic origin. Also compare truckle.
> Collins English Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary of English, Cambridge Dictionary, Etymonline
aft
aft
ashen
ashen
ferocity
ferocity
get off the ground
get off the ground
aphrodisiac
aphrodisiac
horoscope
horoscope
anemia
anemia
prosthesis
prosthesis
arch
arch
spasmodic
spasmodic
pat
pat
flush
flush
arbor
arbor
approbation
approbation
compensatory
compensatory
incontestable
incontestable
roust
roust
longhand
longhand
preen
preen
/priːn/
verb
1 (of a bird) to clean and arrange feathers with its beak
…The swan preened its feathers by the lake.
…Birds often preen after bathing.
2 to spend time making oneself look attractive in a self-satisfied way
…She preened in front of the mirror.
…The actor preened for the cameras.
3 to take pride in oneself or one’s achievements
…He preened after receiving the award.
…It did not prevent them from preening themselves on their achievement.
> late 14c., of a person, “to trim, to dress up,” probably a variation of Middle English proynen, proinen, of a bird, “trim the feather with the beak;” of a person, “to dress or groom oneself carefully” (see prune (v.)). Middle English prene “to pin, pierce, fasten with a pin” probably influenced the form of this word.
> Oxford Dictionary of English, Etymonline
bide one’s time
bide one’s time
beseech
beseech
incent
incent
marginal
marginal
unfledged
unfledged
euphemism
euphemism
readout
readout
soar
soar
tithe
tithe
smutty
smutty
no less
no less
doldrums
doldrums
mordant
mordant
matron
matron
deadhead
deadhead
waspish
waspish
brunt
brunt
uncharitable
uncharitable
tactful
tactful
leaven
leaven
inclement
inclement
odious
odious
mirthless
mirthless
ribaldry
ribaldry
prissy
prissy
telegenic
telegenic
pious
pious
libertine
libertine
chaperone
chaperone
have a ball
have a ball
desiccate
desiccate
elucidate
elucidate
cut and dried
cut and dried
officiated
officiated
shanty
shanty
hotbed
hotbed
/ˈhɒtbed/
noun
1 a place or environment that promotes rapid development or growth of something, especially something undesirable
…The slums became a hotbed of crime.
…Silicon Valley is a hotbed of technological innovation.
…The university campus became a hotbed of political activism.
…The region has long been a hotbed of artistic talent.
…That neighborhood is known as a hotbed of revolutionary ideas.
2 (horticulture) a bed of soil heated by fermenting manure or other material, used for growing plants
…The gardener prepared a hotbed for starting early vegetables.
…Hotbeds were common before modern greenhouses.
> also hot-bed, 1620s, “bed of earth heated by fermenting manure for growing early plants,” from hot (adj.) + bed (n.). Generalized sense of “place that fosters rapid growth” is from 1768.
> Etymonline
incense
incense
noun /ˈɪnsɛns/
1 an aromatic substance that produces fragrant smoke when burned
…Buddhist temples often burn incense during ceremonies.
…The sweet smell of incense filled the meditation room.
2 the smoke or perfume produced by burning this substance
…The incense drifted through the temple halls.
…The room was filled with fragrant incense.
verb /ɪnˈsɛns/
to make very angry; to infuriate: ENRAGE, infuriate, anger, madden, send into a rage, outrage, inflame, exasperate, antagonize, provoke, irritate greatly, rile, gall; informal make someone see red, make someone’s blood boil, make someone’s hackles rise, get someone’s back up, hack off, drive mad/crazy, drive up the wall; British informal wind up, get on someone’s wick, nark, get up someone’s nose; North American informal burn up, tick off, gravel; vulgar slang piss off; British vulgar slang get on someone’s tits
…The unfair treatment incensed the employees.
…His rude comments incensed the entire community.
> late Middle English (in the general sense ‘inflame or excite someone with a strong feeling’): from Old French incenser, from Latin incendere ‘set fire to’.
> Oxford Dictionary of English
opulent
opulent
vapor
vapor
vicinity
vicinity
latent
latent
threnody
threnody
rehabilitate
rehabilitate
hasty
hasty
convulse
convulse
bourgeois
bourgeois
parish
parish
touch and go
touch and go
gauzy
gauzy
brigade
brigade
fastidious
fastidious
/fæˈstɪdiəs/
adjective
very attentive to detail and difficult to please; overly concerned with cleanliness or precision: SCRUPULOUS /ˈskruːpjələs/, punctilious, painstaking, meticulous, assiduous, sedulous, perfectionist, fussy, finicky, dainty, over-particular; critical, overcritical, hypercritical, hard/difficult/impossible to please; pedantic, precise, exact, hairsplitting, exacting, demanding; informal nitpicking, choosy, picky; British informal pernickety
…She was fastidious about keeping her workspace organized and spotless.
> From Latin fastidiosus “disdainful, squeamish, exacting,” from fastidium “loathing, squeamishness; dislike, aversion; excessive nicety,” which is of uncertain origin; perhaps from *fastu-taidiom, a compound of fastus “contempt, arrogance, pride,” and taedium “aversion, disgust.”
> Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus, Etymonline
saline
saline
adamantine
adamantine
cul-de-sac
cul-de-sac
ornamental
ornamental
tuck in
tuck in
scope out
scope out
brandish
brandish
kapok
kapok
cognizant
cognizant
eviscerate
eviscerate
desolation
desolation
prompting
prompting
osteoporosis
osteoporosis
gawp
gawp
refreshment
refreshment
headway
headway
fortitude
fortitude
obtuse
obtuse
mediocrity
mediocrity
unbowed
unbowed
gallant
gallant
crestfallen
crestfallen
fixed
fixed
entomb
entomb
conciliatory
conciliatory
saunter
saunter
shambles
shambles
ruckus
/ˈrʌkəs/
(n.) a noisy commotion or disturbance
The children caused a ruckus in the living room, knocking over furniture as they played.
prolific
prolific
benediction
benediction
voluptuous
voluptuous
celebrant
celebrant
novitiate
novitiate
didactic
didactic
wheel
wheel
alarmist
alarmist
nigh
nigh
valise
valise
unhinged
unhinged
apprentice
apprentice
tavern
tavern
waxen
waxen
vouchsafe
vouchsafe
quicksilver
quicksilver
demurrer
demurrer
statutory
statutory
ferry
ferry
slacken slacken
/ˈslækən/
verb
1 to become or make less tense, fast, or severe
…The rope slackened as the wind died down.
…The driver slackened his pace on the wet road.
2 to decrease in strength or activity
…Business began to slacken during the summer.
…His enthusiasm slackened when he saw the amount of work.
3 to loosen or make looser
…She slackened her grip on the railing.
…The knot slackened after repeated tugging.
propitious
propitious
scurvy
scurvy
rubble
rubble
derision
derision
guile
guile
immanent
immanent
hydrology
hydrology
roster
roster
dumbfound
dumbfound
sate
sate
pulverize
pulverize
proselytize
proselytize
burlesque
burlesque
solicitude
solicitude
pedant
pedant
protean
protean
drive a wedge
drive a wedge
cladding
cladding
vigil
vigil
off one’s feed
off one’s feed
gallows
gallows
drench
drench
prostrate
prostrate
deliverance
deliverance
razz
razz
pedagogic
pedagogic
crone
crone
twang
twang
intercession
intercession
kibitz
kibitz
botany
botany
unquestionable
unquestionable
diaphanous
diaphanous
celibate
celibate
ravish
ravish
groove
groove
lilting
lilting
luxuriate
luxuriate
thimble
thimble
inkling
inkling
perchance
perchance
midget
midget
retch
retch
unearth
unearth
plunk
plunk
gratis
gratis
malinger
malinger
ruffle
ruffle
/ˈrʌfəl/
verb
A ruffle is a pleated piece of decorative fabric often used as trim on clothes, like the ruffles on a pirate’s shirt. To ruffle is to make someone lose their composure. Argh.
The word ruffle is mysterious, but it might be from the Low German word ruffelen which means “to wrinkle.” A ruffle on the bottom of a dress is like a fancy wrinkle. To ruffle someone is to upset them, and they’ll need to get straightened out. Often, this word is used in the expression “ruffle their feathers.” Hearing bad news will ruffle most people’s feathers. An unruffled person and an unruffled shirt will both be smoother.
1 (also ruffle something ↔ up) to disturb the smoothness or regularity of
1a : DISARRANGE, tousle, dishevel, rumple, run one’s fingers through, make untidy, tumble, riffle, disorder; mess up, make a mess of, tangle; North American informal muss, muss up.
…He ruffled her hair affectionately.
1b : MAKE RIPPLES IN, ripple, riffle, roughen
…A light wind ruffled the water.
2 (of a bird) to erect (its feathers) in anger or display
…On his departure to the high wires, the starling ruffled his feathers and flirted his wings.
3 to upset or annoy: ANNOY, irritate, irk, vex, nettle, needle, anger, exasperate; disconcert, unnerve, fluster, flurry, agitate, harass, upset, disturb, discomfit, put off, put someone off their stroke, throw off balance, make nervous, discompose, discountenance; informal rattle, faze, throw, get to, put into a flap, throw into a tizz, rile, niggle, aggravate, bug, miff, peeve, discombobulate, shake up; British informal wind up, nark, get across
…The comment ruffled her calm demeanor.
…He ruffled some people with his constant complaining.
ruffle somebody’s feathers
to cause someone to become annoyed or upset
…The criticism ruffled his feathers.
…She’s never let a client ruffle her feathers
…Tampering with the traditional approach would ruffle a few feathers.
noun
1 a strip of fabric gathered or pleated for decoration
…The dress had delicate ruffles along the hem.
…She added ruffles to the curtains.
2 a disturbance, upset, or irritation
…The announcement caused a ruffle in the usually calm office.
…There was a slight ruffle in their friendship.
> From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.
> Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Oxford Dictionary of English, Merriam-Webster, Vocabulary.com, Wiktionary
chastity
chastity
a welter of sth
a welter of sth
rash
rash
scrub
scrub
gape
gape
/ɡeɪp/
verb
Gape is closely related to the word, gap, which means a space between things. When you gape at something, there is a lot of space between your teeth because your mouth is open in disbelief. You’ll often hear mothers telling children not to gape. The fact is it’s rude to stare at someone that way, even if they are a Sasquatch on the way to dance class.
1 to stare with one’s mouth open in amazement, wonder, or shock
…The children gaped at the magician’s trick.
…Tourists gaped at the enormous skyscrapers.
2 to open wide (especially the mouth)
…The fish gaped as it struggled for air.
…The wound gaped open, requiring stitches.
3 to form or show a wide opening
…The curtains gaped, letting in the morning light.
…Her old shoes gaped at the sides.
noun
1 a wide opening; a breach or gap
…There was a gape between the floorboards.
…The gape in the fence needed to be repaired.
2 the act of staring with an open mouth
…Her gape of astonishment made everyone laugh.
…He gave a gape of surprise at the unexpected news.
> Middle English: from Old Norse gapa; related to gap.
> Oxford Dictionary of English, Vocabulary.com
static
static
/ˈstætɪk/
adjective
1 not moving or changing; staying in one place or form
…The economy remained static for several months.
…The patient’s condition was static throughout the night.
2 (of electricity) involving stationary electric charges
…Static electricity made her hair stand on end.
…The carpet creates static charges in dry weather.
3 lacking in movement, development, or vitality
…The plot of the movie was too static.
…Their relationship had become static and boring.
noun
1 crackling or hissing noise on a radio, telephone, or other electronic device
…There was too much static to hear the radio clearly.
…The phone call was full of static.
2 static electricity
…The balloon stuck to the wall due to static.
…Her sweater crackled with static when she took it off.
3 INFORMAL•NORTH AMERICAN
angry or critical talk or behavior; heated opposition or criticism
…The reception was going sour, breaking up into static.
…He was getting a lot of static about his decision.
> Oxford Dictionary of English, Merriam-Webster
miser
/ˈmaɪzər/
(n.) a person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible: PENNY-PINCHER, pinchpenny, cheese-parer, Scrooge; HOARDER, saver, collector, gatherer, accumulator, magpie, squirrel; ascetic, puritan; informal SKINFLINT /ˈskɪnˌflɪnt/, meanie, money-grubber, cheapskate; North American informal tightwad; British vulgar slang tight-arse; North American vulgar slang tight-ass
The old miser refused to turn on the heat, even in the middle of winter.
> 1540s, “miserable person, wretch,” from Latin miser (adj.) “unhappy, wretched, pitiable, in distress,” a word for which “no acceptable PIE pedigree has been found” [de Vaan]. The oldest English sense now is obsolete; the main modern meaning of “money-hoarding person” (“one who in wealth conducts himself as one afflicted with poverty” - Century Dictionary) is recorded by 1560s, from the presumed unhappiness of such people. The older sense is preserved in miserable, misery, etc.
> Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus, Etymonline
