Session 9 - Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

Define heart failure

A

a state in which the heart fails to maintain an adequate circulation for the needs of the body despite an adequate filling pressure

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2
Q

What is the primary cause of systolic heart failure?

A

IHD

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3
Q

Give some causes of HF other than IHD

A
o	Hypertension
o	Cardiomyopathies
	Alcohol/Drugs/Poisoning
	Iron overload
	Pregnancy
o	Valvular heart disease / Congenital
o	Restrictive cardiomyopathy e.g. amyloidosis
o	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
o	Pericardial disease
o	Arrhythmia
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4
Q

What is prognosis after MI related to?

A

Prognosis after MI (or any cardiac injury) is inversely related to the amount of left ventricular damage/dysfunction.

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5
Q

What are the four ways in which heart failure is managed?

A
o	Correct underlying cause
o	Non-pharmacological measures
o	Pharmacological therapy
	Symptomatic improvement
	Delay progression of heart failure
	Reduce mortality
o	Treat complications/associated conditions/CVS risk factors
	E.g. arrhythmias
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6
Q

How can you improve HF prognosis?

A

o RAAS Antagonism
 ACE inhibitor – E.g. Ramipril
 Angiotensin Receptor Blocker – E.g. Losartan
 Aldosterone blockade – E.g. Spironolactone
o Beta-Blocker
 E.g. Propranolol, Atenolol

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7
Q

Give five drugs used to treat HF

A

o -blockers
 Block 1 receptors on the myocardium
o ACE-Inhibitors
 Prevent conversion of Angiotensin I  II
o Ca2+ channel blockers
 Reduce contractility of the myocardium
o Organic Nitrates
 Venodilator – Reduce preload on heart, lowering its O2 requirement
 Vasodilator – Coronary arteries dilate, supplying more O2.
o Cardiac Glycosides
 Increase CO and heart contractility by inhibiting the Na/K pump. Raising intracellular Na inhibits NCX, so intracellular Ca2+ increases  in. contractility

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