Session 9: Connective tissue Flashcards
What are the 3 characteristics of collagen fibers?
- Flexible
- Strong
- Bundles of thread-like subunits
What is an aberration that can develop due to insufficient collagen synthesis?
Scurvy
What are the 5 types of soft CT?
- Aerolar
- Adipose
- Mesenchymal
- Reticular
- Gelatinous
What are the 2 populations/types of CT cells?
- CT immigrated (wandering/transient) cells
2. CT associated (resident/fixed) cells
Name the 5 CT associated cell types/resident cell population types.
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
- Adipose (fat)
- Fibroblasts
- Stem cells
Name the 4 types of CT immigrating cells/wandering cell population.
- Plasma cells
- Lymphocytes
- Granulocytes
- nuetrophils
- basophils
- eusinophils
- Monocytes
What are the 3 types of CT according to development?
- Embryonic CT
- CT proper
- Specialized CT
What are the 2 types of embryonic CT?
- Mesenchyme
2. Mucous
What is the function of fibroblasts?
Formation of fibers and amorphous ground substance
What are the 4 functions of macrophages?
- Phagocytic cells
- Secretory functions
- Immune response
- Formation of foreign body giants by
fusion
What are the 2 functions of adipose tissue?
- Source of energy
2. Insulation
What is adipose surrounded by?
Thin cytoplasm layer
What are the 2 functions of mast cells?
- Divide mitotically
2. Secretory granules secrete heparin and histamine
What are the functions of heparin and histamine respectively?
Heparin- anti-coagulant
Histamine- causes vasodilation w/ increase in small vessels permeability
What is the function of the plasma cells?
Produce antibodies
What is the function of lymphocytes?
Immunological function
What is the function of granulocytes?
Have white blood cells w/ basilophils, eusinophils and neutrophils
What are the 3 types of extracellular fibers?
- Elastic
- Collagen
- Reticular
Describe the 7 steps of protein synthesis.
1. mRNA is produced for every alpha chain
@ the nucleus
2. Course ER synthesizes alpha chains
3. Trans vesicles carry procollagen
molecules Golgi Apparatus
4. Procollagen molecules are packed into
secretory vesicles in the GA
5. Microtubuli and microfilaments convey
secretory vesicles to the surface
6. Procollagen molecules are released
into the extracellular space
7. Procollagen is transformed into
insoluble collagenCompare white and brown adipose (fat)
WHITE
- uniocular
- lipids stored in 1 large drop
- cytoplasm arranged in thin ring around periphery
- flattened nucleus at periphery
- range from white => dark yellow
- less and smaller mitochondria in cytoplasm
- richly vascularized
- almost all organs, except for eyelids, penis, scrotum, external ear
- E source
- Shock absorber
VS
BROWN
- multiocular
- lipids stored in numerous vesicles
- lots of eosinophilic cytoplasm
- large accentric nucleus
- brown due to blood capillaries & mitochondria
- more & larger mitochondria
- more blood capillaries
- mainly in embryo & newborn; abundant in hibernating animals
- produce heat
How do mast cells cause an allergy?
- They release vasoactive and immuno-active substances at the mast cell surface after antigen-antibody interaction
- These substances may cause immediate hypersensitivity reactions, allergy and anaphylaxis.
What is the function of a pericyte?
Can differentiate into smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, adipocytes and endothelium.
Name the 5 substances released by basophil during an allergic reaction.
- Histamine
- Heparin
- NCF (neutrophil chemotactic factor)
- ECF (eosinophil chemotactic factor)
- Peroxidase
Describe the development of scurvy.
- Lack of certain nutritional factors
- Lack of Vitamin C results in scurvy
- Vitamin C is a co-factor for proline-
hydroxylase , which is essential for
normal collagen synthesis - Absence of Vitamin C: fibroblasts
synthesize defective collagen - General degradation of connective
tissue - Periodontal ligament that holds teeth in
place degrades and teeth are lost
What types of cells produce collagen?
Fibroblasts
Name the 4 types of cells that produce reticular fibers.
- Fibroblasts
- Reticular cells
- Schwann cells
- Smooth muscle cells
Name the 2 types of cells that produce elastic fibers.
- Fibroblasts
2. Smooth muscle cells
Name the 2 types of connective tissue populations/cell groups.
- Resident cell population (associated cells)
2. Wandering/transient cell population (immigrating cells)
Name the 3 types of diseases caused by mast cells.
- Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
- Allergy
- Anaphylaxis
What is the function of pericytes?
Can differentiate into smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelium.
Name 9 substances released by mast cells.
- Histamine
- Heparin
- ECF
- NCF
- Leukotrienes
- Serine proteases
- Interleukines
- Tumor necrosis factor
- Prostaglandin D
