Session 11: Tissues of the cartilage and the bone Flashcards
Name the 3 types of fibers found in cartilage.
- Collagen II in hyaline cartilage
- Collagen I & II found in fibrocartilage
- Collagen II found in elastic cartilage
What are the 2 components of intervertebral discs?
- Annulus fibrosis
2. Nucleus pulposis
What are the general characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
- Homogenous amorphous matrix
- Can calcify
- Perichondrium
- Type II collagen fiber
What are the general characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
- Homogenous amorphous matrix
- Calcification
- Perichondrium
- Type II collagen fiber
Name 7 places in the body where hyaline cartilage can be found.
- Fetal skeleton
- Articular cartilage
- Tip of nose
- Costal cartilage
- C-shaped trachea cartilage
- In bronchi and larynx
- Epiphyseal growth plates
What are the general characteristics of elastic cartilage?
- Pliable
- Elastic fibers and lamellae in matrix
- Type II collagen fibers
- Perichondrium
- NO calcification
Name the 4 locations of elastic cartilage.
- Auricle of ear
- External acoustic meatus
- Eustachian tube
- Epiglottis of the larynx
What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage?
- Combine w/ dense connective tissue
- Collagen type I & II
- Single chondrocytes
- No perichondrium
- Calcification
What are the 7 locations of fibrocartilage?
- Intervertebral discs
- Symphysis pubis
- Articular disc of sternoclavicular joint
- Articular disc of temperomandibular joint
- Menisci of knee joint
- Fibrocartilage complex of wrist
- Where tendons attach to bone
What are the two types of cartilaginous growth?
- Appositional growth
2. Interstitial growth
What is the function of appositional growth?
Forms new cartilage at the surface of existing cartilage and is from perichondrium
What are the 3 steps of appositional growth?
- Fibroblasts in fibrous layer divide mitotically
- Chondroblast in cell rich layer of perichondrium secrete cartilage matrix
- Chondrocytes in lacunae in cartilage
What is the function of interstitial growth?
Forms new cartilage within existing cartilage from chondrocytes
What are the 3 steps of interstitial growth?
- Chondrocytes in lacunae divide mitotically
- Daughter cells in original single lacunae secrete cartilage matrix and daughter cells in own lacunae form isogenic group
- Increase of cartilage from within
Why does cartilage have poor recovery after injury?
- Avascular
- Immobile chondrocytes
- Limited proliferative ability
- Normally repair w/ dense CT
- area is filled w/ scar tissue and not cartilage
List the 5 bone cell types
- Osteoprogenitor cells
- Bone lining cells
- Osteocytes
- Osteoblasts
- Osteoclasts
What are the locations of each of the 5 bone cells?
- Osteoprogenitor cells - in periosteum, endosteum, Haversian canals and Volkman’s canal
- Osteoblast - on surface areas of bone formation (e.g periosteum, etc.)
- Osteoclasts - on SA of bone remodelling areas
- Osteocytes - lacunae
- Bone lining cells - on SA of bones that are NOT remodelling, like periosteum and endosteum
What are the functions of the 5 bone cell types?
- Osteoprogenitor - differentiates into osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts - differentiates into osteocytes and bone lining cells
- Osteocytes - maintain matrix in mature bone
- Bone lining cells - maintains and nutritional support osteocytes AND regulates movement of Ca+ and K+
- Osteoclasts - bone matrix resorption
Name the 4 lamellar systems.
- Outer circumferential lamellar system
- Inner circumferential lamellar system
- Haversian system (osteon)
- Interstitial lamellar system
What are the 7 characteristics of the Haversian system and what are the characteristics of the Haversian canal, Volkman’s canal, lacunae and canaliculi?
- Cylindrical units
- Parallel to long axis of bone
- Concentric lamellae
- Haversian canal *contain blood vessels, endosteum, nerves, CT
- Lacunae
* contain osteocytes; between lamellae - Canaliculi -*spaces in matrix
* contain cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes connected by gap junctions
* passage of substances - Volkman’s canals
* perforating canals
* appr. right angle to long axis of bone
* connects blood vessels from periosteum & endosteum to the Haversian canals
* connect diff. Haversian canals
Name the two types of bone formation.
- Intramembranous
2. Endochondral
How is the Haversian system formed?
- Resorption cavity tunnel formed by osteoclasts
- Blood vessels and CT occupy tunnel
- Bone deposition on outer wall from periphery inward and by lamellae
Describe the process of bone fracture repair.
Check put memo for condensed version
