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MHIS 1513 > Session 11: Tissues of the cartilage and the bone > Flashcards

Session 11: Tissues of the cartilage and the bone Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 types of fibers found in cartilage.

A
  1. Collagen II in hyaline cartilage
  2. Collagen I & II found in fibrocartilage
  3. Collagen II found in elastic cartilage
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2
Q

What are the 2 components of intervertebral discs?

A
  1. Annulus fibrosis

2. Nucleus pulposis

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3
Q

What are the general characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

A
  • Homogenous amorphous matrix
  • Can calcify
  • Perichondrium
  • Type II collagen fiber
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4
Q

What are the general characteristics of hyaline cartilage?

A
  • Homogenous amorphous matrix
  • Calcification
  • Perichondrium
  • Type II collagen fiber
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5
Q

Name 7 places in the body where hyaline cartilage can be found.

A
  1. Fetal skeleton
  2. Articular cartilage
  3. Tip of nose
  4. Costal cartilage
  5. C-shaped trachea cartilage
  6. In bronchi and larynx
  7. Epiphyseal growth plates
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6
Q

What are the general characteristics of elastic cartilage?

A
  • Pliable
  • Elastic fibers and lamellae in matrix
  • Type II collagen fibers
  • Perichondrium
  • NO calcification
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7
Q

Name the 4 locations of elastic cartilage.

A
  1. Auricle of ear
  2. External acoustic meatus
  3. Eustachian tube
  4. Epiglottis of the larynx
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8
Q

What are the characteristics of fibrocartilage?

A
  • Combine w/ dense connective tissue
  • Collagen type I & II
  • Single chondrocytes
  • No perichondrium
  • Calcification
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9
Q

What are the 7 locations of fibrocartilage?

A
  1. Intervertebral discs
  2. Symphysis pubis
  3. Articular disc of sternoclavicular joint
  4. Articular disc of temperomandibular joint
  5. Menisci of knee joint
  6. Fibrocartilage complex of wrist
  7. Where tendons attach to bone
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10
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous growth?

A
  1. Appositional growth

2. Interstitial growth

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11
Q

What is the function of appositional growth?

A

Forms new cartilage at the surface of existing cartilage and is from perichondrium

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12
Q

What are the 3 steps of appositional growth?

A
  1. Fibroblasts in fibrous layer divide mitotically
  2. Chondroblast in cell rich layer of perichondrium secrete cartilage matrix
  3. Chondrocytes in lacunae in cartilage
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13
Q

What is the function of interstitial growth?

A

Forms new cartilage within existing cartilage from chondrocytes

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14
Q

What are the 3 steps of interstitial growth?

A
  1. Chondrocytes in lacunae divide mitotically
  2. Daughter cells in original single lacunae secrete cartilage matrix and daughter cells in own lacunae form isogenic group
  3. Increase of cartilage from within
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15
Q

Why does cartilage have poor recovery after injury?

A
  • Avascular
  • Immobile chondrocytes
  • Limited proliferative ability
  • Normally repair w/ dense CT
  • area is filled w/ scar tissue and not cartilage
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16
Q

List the 5 bone cell types

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells
  2. Bone lining cells
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoblasts
  5. Osteoclasts
17
Q

What are the locations of each of the 5 bone cells?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells - in periosteum, endosteum, Haversian canals and Volkman’s canal
  2. Osteoblast - on surface areas of bone formation (e.g periosteum, etc.)
  3. Osteoclasts - on SA of bone remodelling areas
  4. Osteocytes - lacunae
  5. Bone lining cells - on SA of bones that are NOT remodelling, like periosteum and endosteum
18
Q

What are the functions of the 5 bone cell types?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor - differentiates into osteoblasts
  2. Osteoblasts - differentiates into osteocytes and bone lining cells
  3. Osteocytes - maintain matrix in mature bone
  4. Bone lining cells - maintains and nutritional support osteocytes AND regulates movement of Ca+ and K+
  5. Osteoclasts - bone matrix resorption
19
Q

Name the 4 lamellar systems.

A
  1. Outer circumferential lamellar system
  2. Inner circumferential lamellar system
  3. Haversian system (osteon)
  4. Interstitial lamellar system
20
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of the Haversian system and what are the characteristics of the Haversian canal, Volkman’s canal, lacunae and canaliculi?

A
  1. Cylindrical units
  2. Parallel to long axis of bone
  3. Concentric lamellae
  4. Haversian canal *contain blood vessels, endosteum, nerves, CT
  5. Lacunae
    * contain osteocytes; between lamellae
  6. Canaliculi -*spaces in matrix
    * contain cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes connected by gap junctions
    * passage of substances
  7. Volkman’s canals
    * perforating canals
    * appr. right angle to long axis of bone
    * connects blood vessels from periosteum & endosteum to the Haversian canals
    * connect diff. Haversian canals
21
Q

Name the two types of bone formation.

A
  1. Intramembranous

2. Endochondral

22
Q

How is the Haversian system formed?

A
  1. Resorption cavity tunnel formed by osteoclasts
  2. Blood vessels and CT occupy tunnel
  3. Bone deposition on outer wall from periphery inward and by lamellae
23
Q

Describe the process of bone fracture repair.

A

Check put memo for condensed version

MHIS 1513 (15 decks)

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