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Musculoskeletal System > Session 8 - Shoulder > Flashcards

Session 8 - Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the technical name of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumoral joint - humerus and glenoid fossa

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2
Q

What are the 2 other joints in the shoulder girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

Acromioclavicular joint

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3
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Articulation of sternum and clavicle

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4
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Scapula and clavicle

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5
Q

What is glenoid labrum?

A

Rim of fibrocartilaginous tissue around edge of glenoid cavity

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6
Q

What are the 3 glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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7
Q

What does the coracoclavicular ligament join?

A

Coracoid process of scapula with clavicle

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8
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Attach coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus

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9
Q

What is the function of transverse humoral ligament?

A

Creates a tunnel between greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus to allow long head of biceps to pass

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10
Q

What does the coraco-acromial ligament do?

A

Provides roof of subacromial space, a tunnel above glenohumeral joint that allows passage of supraspinatus ligament

Prevents superior dislocation of humerus when falling on outstretched hand

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11
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscles of shoulder originate and insert?

A

Originate from torso and insert onto bones of shoulder

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12
Q

Where do the intrinsic shoulder muscles originate and insert?

A

Originate from scapula/clavicle and insert onto humerus

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13
Q

What are the 2 superficial extrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Trapezius and latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

What are the 3 deep extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Legatos scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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15
Q

What does the trapezius muscle do?

A

Upper fibres elevate scapula and rotate during abduction of arm >90 degrees
Middle retract scapula
Lower pull scapula inferiorly

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16
Q

What are the 3 actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extend
Adduct
Medially rotate

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17
Q

What is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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18
Q

What are the 3 deep extrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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19
Q

What is the action of levator scapulae?

A

Elevate scapula

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20
Q

What is the levator scapulae innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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21
Q

What are the 2 rhomboid muscles?

A

Major and minor

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22
Q

What is the function of rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts scapula

Returns arm to anatomically position after previous abduction of arm above 90

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23
Q

What is rhomboid minor innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

What is rhomboid major innervated by?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

What is the function of rhomboid major?

A

Retract scapula

Helps return to original position after abduction of arm above 90 degrees

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26
Q

What is the scapulohumeral group of muscles?

A

Intrinsic muscles originating from scapula and inserting on humerus

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27
Q

What are the 6 intrinsic muscles of shoulder?

A

Deltoid
Teres major
Rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor)

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28
Q

What are the 3 parts of the deltoid muscle?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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29
Q

What is the action of anterior fibres of deltoid muscle?

A

Flex and medially rotate arm

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30
Q

What is the function of middle fibres of deltoid muscle?

A

Abduct arm from 15-90 degrees

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31
Q

What is the function of posterior fibres of deltoid muscle?

A

Extend and laterally rotate arm at shoulder

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32
Q

What is the deltoid muscle innervated by?

A

Axillary nerve

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33
Q

What is the 3 actions of teres major?

A

Adduct
Extend
Medially rotate

34
Q

What is the teres major innervated by?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

35
Q

What are the 4 muscles of rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

36
Q

What is the overall function of rotator cuff?

A

Pull humoral head onto glenoid fossa

37
Q

What is the function of supraspinatus?

A

Abduct arm from 0-15, assist deltoid in abducting arm from 15-90

38
Q

What is the supraspinatus innervated by?

A

Suprascapular nerve

39
Q

What is the infraspinatus innervated by?

A

Suprascapular nerve

40
Q

What is the action of infraspinatus?

A

Lateral rotation of arm

41
Q

What is the subscapularis innervated by?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

42
Q

What is the action of subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation

43
Q

What is teres minor innervate by?

A

Axillary nerve

44
Q

What is the action of teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation

45
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Triceps brachii

46
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

47
Q

What are the 3 actions of biceps brachii?

A

Elbow flexion
Shoulder flexion
Supination

48
Q

What is the biceps brachii innervated by?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

49
Q

What are the 2 actions of coracobrachialis?

A

Shoulder flexion

Adductor arm

50
Q

What is the coracobrachialis innervated by?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

51
Q

What is the action of brachialis?

A

Elbow flexion

52
Q

What is the brachialis innervated by?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

53
Q

What is the action of triceps brachii?

A

Extend forearm at elbow

54
Q

What is the triceps brachii innervate by?

A

Radial nerve

55
Q

What is the quadrangular space?

A

Route via the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humoral artery and vein enter the posterior compartment of the arm

56
Q

What is the triangular space?

A

Passageway through which the circumflex scapular vessels enter the infraspinatus fossa - no nerves

57
Q

What is the triangular interval?

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery are visible at its base

58
Q

What is a bursa?

A

Fluid filled sac that provides a cushion between a tendon and a bone to allow a smooth gliding action of tendon

59
Q

What are the 2 shoulder bursae?

A

Subacromial bursa and subscapular bursa

60
Q

What is the subacromial bursa?

A

Reduce friction as supraspinatus tendon passing under the overlying coraco-acromioclavicular ligament, acromion, coracoid process

61
Q

What is the subscapular bursa?

A

Protect tendon of subscapularis muscle as it passes inferior to root of coracoid process and over neck of scapula

62
Q

What is the subacromial space?

A

Space between coraco-acromial arch and humerus head

63
Q

What are the 4 structures in subacromial space?

A

Subacromial bursa
Supraspinatus tendon
Joint capsule
Long head of biceps

64
Q

What are the 2 muscles abducting the shoulder?

A

0-15: supraspinatus

15-90: deltoid

65
Q

What are the 3 muscles adducting the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

66
Q

What are the 4 muscles that flex shoulder?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid
Pectoralis major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii

67
Q

What are the 3 muscles that does shoulder extension?

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

68
Q

What are the 4 muscles that carries out internal rotation of shoulders?

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

69
Q

What are the 2 muscles that carry out external rotation of shoulders?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

70
Q

What are the 4 muscles of rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

71
Q

What are the 6 static stabilizers of the shoulder joint?

A 
Congruency of humoral head and glenoid cavity
Glenoid labrum
Joint capsule 
Glenohumeral ligaments
Extra capsular ligaments
Negative intra articular pressure
72
Q

What are the 2 dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

Extrinsic muscles crossing shoulder joint

73
Q

What are the 3 arteries supplying shoulder joint?

A

Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Suprascapular artery

74
Q

What are the majority of shoulder dislocations?

A

Anterior

75
Q

What is a Bankart lesion or labra tear?

A

When glenoid labrum is torn off because humeral head popped out of socket

76
Q

What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

A

Dent in the posterolateral humeral head

77
Q

What is the most common complication of shoulder dislocation?

A

Recurrent dislocation due to damage to stabilizing tissues surrounding shoulder

78
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

When supraspinatus tendon rubs or catches on coraco-acromial arch, leading to irritation and inflammation

79
Q

What are the symptoms of impingement syndrome?

A

Pain, weakness and reduced range of motion during abduction and flexion

Painful arc between 60-120 degrees of abduction

80
Q

What is calcification supraspinatus tendinopathy?

A

Presence of macroscopic deposits of hydroxyapatite in tendon of supraspinatus

81
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Frozen shoulder, painful and disabling disorder where capsule of glenohumeral joint becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting movement and causing chronic pain

Musculoskeletal System (9 decks)

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