Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Semester 3 - Infection > Session 7 - Infection on Surfaces > Flashcards

Session 7 - Infection on Surfaces Flashcards

1
Q

What is a surface?

A

• Interface between a solid and either a liquid or a gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main surfaces of the body?

A
  • Skin

* Mucosal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give three aspects of skin surfaces

A
  • Epithelim
    • Hair

Nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give three aspects of muscosal surfaces

A
  • Conjunctival
    • Gastrointestinal
    • Respiratory
    • Genitourinary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are microbiota also known as?

A

Commensals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are microbiota?

A

• Micro-organisms carried on skin and mucosal surfaces

Harmless, or even beneficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When can microbiota be harmful?

A
  • When they transfer to a distant site

* Immunodeficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give four methods by which people get infections?

A
  • Invasion - Strep Pyogenes (Pharyngitis)
    • Migration - E.coli (UTI)
    • Inoculation - Coagulase negative staphylocoocus (prosthetic joint infection)
    • Haematogenous - Strep viridians (endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give two viruses normally found on the skin

A
  • Papilloma

* Herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give three types of gram positive bacteria carried on the skin

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Coagulase negative staphylococci
    • Corynebacterium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give one gram negative bacteria found on the skin

A

Enterobacteriase (Faecal bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give two types of fungi found on the skin

A
  • Yeasts

* Dermatophytes (cause skin infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give a type of parasite found on the skin

A

Mites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give three types of surface which can get infected

A
  • External surface
    • Internal surface
    • Prosthetic surface infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give three types of infection of external surface infection

A
  • UTI
    • Gastroenteritis
    • Cellulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give three types of internal surface infection

A
  • Endovascular
    • Septic arthritis
    • Osteomyelitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give three areas of vulnerability for prosthetic surface infection

A
  • Intravascular lines
    • Prosthetic joints
    • Cardiac valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is native valve endocarditis?

A

• Inflammation and infections of valve of the hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the bacteria which causes native valvular endocarditis? Where is it found?

A
  • Viridions Streptoccoci

* Gums and teeth, usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How can endocarditis be caused?

A
  • Poor dental hygiene
    • Bacteria enter circulation from gums
    • Bacteria attach to hear valve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who is particularly susceptible to endocarditis?

A
  • People with abnormal valves

* Blood turbulent and slowed as moves through valve

22
Q

What is the bacteria which causes prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

• Coagulase negative staphylococci (found on skin of surgeons!)

23
Q

What organism causes prosthetic joint infection?

A
  • Coagulase negative staphylococci

* Staphylococcus aureus

24
Q

Why are prosthetic joint infections dangerous?

A
  • Poor blood supply

* Hard for antibiotics to treat

25
What two organisms cause pacing wire endocarditis?
• Coagulase negative staphylococci Staphylococcus aureus
26
Outline the four main steps of pathogenesis of infection at surfaces
* Adherence to host cells or prosthetic surface * Biofilm formation * Inflammation and multiplication * Host response
27
What are two kinds of host response?
• Pyogenic (neutrophils -> Pus) Granulomatous (fibroblasts, lymphocytes, macrophages -> Nodular infammatory lesions)
28
How do bacteria adhere to host cell membrane surfaces?
• Pili or fimbriae extend and allow them to connect
29
What are the four stages of biofilm develpment?
* Initial attachment: * Irreversible attachment: * Maturation I: * Maturation II: Dispersion:
30
What occurs in initial attachment?
• Bacteria attach via van der waals forces
31
What is the primary aim in the diagnosis of infection?
• Identifying infecting organism and its antimicrobial susceptibilities
32
Give two challenges to treatment which could be discovered upon identification of organisms
* Ädherent organsims | * Low metabolic state/small colony variants
33
What two ways can bacteria be identified?
* Blood cultures | * Tissue/prosthetic material sonication (supersonic loosening) and culture
34
How can you tell if a central line is infected?
* Flushing drugs causes pyrexia | * Implies drug has washed part of central lines biofilm into blood stream
35
What are the two main aims of treatment of a surface infection?
* Sterilise tissue | * Reduce bioburden
36
Give three methods of sterilising tissue and reducing bioburden
* Antibacterials * Remove prosthetic material * Surgery - Resect infected material
37
Give three challenges of infection management
* Poor antibacterial penetration into biofilm * Low metabolic activity of biofilm micro-organisms Dangers/difficulties of surgery
38
Give three methods of preventing infection of natural surfaces
* Maintain surface integrity * Prevent bacterial surface colonisation * Remove colonising bacteria
39
Give three methods of preventing infection of prosthetic surfaces
* Prevent contamination (incorporate substances such as Ag to prevent infection) * Inhibit surface colonisation * Remove colonising bacteria
40
Describe Cellulitis
Infection of deeper layer of skin and underlying tissue Usually seen on legs Skin will be red, painfully swollen and hot -- can causes septicaemia
41
What causes cellulitis?
Group A streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus | -- enters through damaged skin
42
Who is more vulnerable to cellulitits?
People with athletes foot of eczema | -- enters though small breaks or cracks in skin
43
Describe pharyngitis
Causes a sore throat due to inflammation of the oropharynx. | Leads to sore throut, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, cough, headache, difficulty or pain when swallowing
44
What causes pharyngitis?
Usually has a viral cause but can be due to group A streptococcus
45
What are some complications of pharyngitis?
Tonsilitis Ear infection Sinus infection Throat and peritonsilar abscesses
46
Describe conjunctivitis
Pink eye, with pus or watery discharge and crust on the eyelashes. Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
47
What causes conjunctivitis?
Usually has a viral cause (adenovirus) but most are treated with antibiotics despite the low incidence of bacterial cause.
48
What can cause endocarditis of a native cardiac valve?
Viridans streptococci
49
What can cause endocarditis of a prosthetic valve?
Coagulase negative staphylococci
50
What causes prosthetic joint infections?
Coagulase negative staphylococci | Staphylococcus aureus

Semester 3 - Infection (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions