Session 6 - incomplete

Question 0

What do chondrocytes do?

Answer 0

• Produce and maintain the extracellular matrix

Question 1

What is cartilage?

Answer 1

• An avascular tissue that consists of an extensive extracellular matrix in which lie chondrocytes

Question 2

What is there a high ratio of in the collagen matrix?

Answer 2

• High ratio of glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen

- Permits ready diffusion of substances from the chondrocytes to the blood vessels surrounding the cartilage

Question 3

How does the structure of the extracellular matrix relate to its function?

Answer 3

• Solid and firm, but also pliable and has a high amount of hyaluronic acid
• Therefore resilient to the repeated application of pressure

Question 4

Describe the ground substance of cartilage

Answer 4

• Hyaluronic acid molecules forming linear aggregates are interwoven with collagen fibrils
• Hyalouronic acid molecules have proteoglycan monomers attached, which themselves are made up of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan units
• The GAGs a are negatively charged, so attract water, forming a hydrated gel

Question 5

What types of cartilage are there?

Answer 5

• Hyaline
• Elastic
• Fibrocartilage

Question 6

Describe the structure of hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

• the matrix contains hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and type III collagen
• The hyalouronate proteoglycan aggregates are bound to the fine collagen matrix fibres

Question 7

Describe the structure of elastic cartilage

Answer 7

• Has a matrix like hyaline cartilage, but also contains many elastic fires and elastic lamellae

Question 8

Describe the structure of fibrocartilage

Answer 8

• Contains matrix materials as in hyaline cartilage, and is also abundant in Type I collagen fibres

Question 9

What types of cells are present in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 9

• Chondrocytes only

- Present singly or in clusters of isogenous groups if recently divided

Question 10

Where does hyaline cartilage occur?

Answer 10

• Articulating surfaces
• Parts of the ribcage
• Nose
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi

Question 11

What is pericondrium?

Answer 11

• A layer of dense connective tissue that is at the edges of hyaline cartilage
• Contains fibroblast like cells which develop into chondroblasts and then into chondrocytes

Question 12

What is appositional growth?

Answer 12

-Growth from the periphery

Question 13

What is interstitial growth?

Answer 13

• Growth between divided chondrocytes in isogenous groups as matrix is laid down

Question 14

What is the difference between territorial matrix and interterritorial matrix?

Answer 14

• Territorial is darker as is more highly sulphate do

- Interterritorial is lighter