Session 5

Question 1

What is the cognitive triad?

Answer 1

Negative view of world Negative view of future Negative view of self

Question 2

What are schemata?

Answer 2

Core beliefs that influence basic assumptions (conditioned schemata) E.g. Love - “I am unlovable” Ability- “I’m incompetent” Morality - “I am evil”

Question 3

What is the basic thinking behind cognitive therapy?

Answer 3

We are not passive recipients of stimuli We interpret the world via values, beliefs, expectations, attitudes We use cognitions to make sense of the world Changes of mood state are directly related to the ways we make sense of events Event - thought - emotion Interact between thoughts, emotions, behaviour, physiology, environment

Question 4

Some examples of basic assumptions in depression:

Answer 4

I must be loved by everybody I should always be a nice person If people disagree with me, it means I am no good

Question 5

Overview of interaction between core beliefs, basic assumptions and negative automatic thoughts

Answer 5

Question 6

Relationship between NATs, emotion, actions & physcial signs

Answer 6

Question 7

Core features of CBT

Answer 7

• assumes psychopathology arises when people have irrational/dysfunctional beliefs
• collaborative relationship between patients and therapist
• structured sessions with goal setting
• examination & challenging of maladaptive beliefs
• short term - 6-24 sessions
• activity scheduling - keep diaries of emotions - behaviour activation (prevent rumination, disconfirm maladaptive beliefs)

Question 8

Thought challenging: what catagorise are used? (the activity table)

Answer 8

1. Situation (who/what/when/where)
2. moods (what & rate)
3. automatic thoughts (circle hot thought)
4. evidence that supports hot thought
5. evidence that does not support hot thought
6. alternative/balance thoughts
7. rate mood now

Question 9

Thinking errors: all or nothing

Answer 9

view a situation in only 2 catagories instead of a continuum

Question 10

Thinking errors: catastrophizing

Answer 10

you predict the future negativley, without considering more likely outcomes

Question 11

Thinking errors: discounting the positive

Answer 11

you unreasonably tell youself that the positive experiences, deeds or qualities don’t count

Question 12

Thinking errors: emotional reasoning

Answer 12

you think something must be true because you ‘feel’ it strongly,, ignoring evidence (logic) to the contrary

Question 13

Thinking errors: labelling

Answer 13

you put a fixed label on yourself or others without considering evidence may lead to less disastrous conclusions

Question 14

Thinking errors: magnification or minimisation

Answer 14

when you evaluate yourself, you unreasonably magnify the negative/minimise the positve

Question 15

Thinking errors: mental filter

Answer 15

you only pay attention to one negative detail instead of seeing the whole picture

Question 16

Thinking errors: mind reading

Answer 16

you believe you know what others are thinking, failign to consider other possibilities

Question 17

Thinking errors: overgeneralisation

Answer 17

you make negative conclusions that go beyond the current situation

Question 18

Thinking errors: personalisation

Answer 18

you believe others are behaving negatively because of you, without considering more plausible explanations

Question 19

Thinking errors: imperatives (‘should’ or ‘must’)

Answer 19

you have a precise fixed idea of how you or others should behave and you overestimate how bad it is that these expectations aren’t met

Question 20

Thinking errors: tunnel vision

Answer 20

you only see the negative aspects of the situation