Session 4

Question 1

types of attachment

Answer 1

secure - 60%, caregiver is sensitive & responsive to child’s needs, uses parents as secure base

avoidant - 15%, caregiver rejecting or intrusive, little affection in sharing play, not so distressed on departure

resistant-ambivalent - 10%, caregiver inconsistent, needs reassurance on return, can be angry

disorganised - 15%, caregiver unpredictable or frightening, out of ordinary behaviours on return

Question 2

negative identity

Answer 2

rejecting parents/society values, but cannot find an alternative

Question 3

identity diffusion

Answer 3

little care about values and conformation

Question 4

identity moratorium

Answer 4

exploring without making definite decisions

Question 5

foreclosure

Answer 5

acceptance of parents/society rules without questioning

Question 6

identity achievement

Answer 6

after re-considering a stable identity

Question 7

things that affect quality of parental relationships

Answer 7

poor quality early life experiences: lack of warmth, caring and overly controlling, over-protective, hostile

parental mental disorder

divorce

death of parent

likelihood of recovery from depression less likely if family are critical, unsupportive or display a negative attitude

Question 8

Examples of alternative childcare

Answer 8

Kibbutz in collective societies
Creches
Paternal leave

Question 9

Affect of bullying on depression

Answer 9

likely that bullying causes depression

bullies more likely to become depressed

Question 10

gender

Answer 10

women more likely to be depressed

could be due to:

• social & occupational role
• marriage & childcare
• men more likely to distract and ruminate less
• men less likely to present

Question 11

marriage impact

Answer 11

• protective for men, less for women
• marriage disturbance correlates with depression, and therapy has been found to help
• depression can also impact on marriage
• married

Question 12

post natal depression

Answer 12

loss of sleep
hard work looking after baby
social adversary
depends on relationship & support
obstetric complications
isolation

Question 13

impact on social relationship

Answer 13

socialise less

interpersonal therapy based on this fact - builds on social relations

Question 14

impact of socioeconomic status

Answer 14

risk factors:

• poverty
• low level of education
• low social class
• isolation from family & friends
• unemployment

causation vs social selection theory

Question 15

relationship with alcohol

Answer 15

important co-morbidity

presence of either disorder doubles the risk of the other

Question 16

impact of life events

what needs to be considered..?

Answer 16

• context for individual (ongoing difficulties, level of support etc.)
• things such as death of spouse, divorce, jail term, injury/illness, marriage, pregnancy, death of close friend..