Session 1 Flashcards
Core symptoms of depression
- Pervasive low mood
- Lack of enjoyment
- Lack of energy
All present for at least 2 weeks
ICD-10 criteria
Core symptoms (2-3 present) Associated symptoms (2-4 present) - guilt - poor concentration - disturbance in sleep - disturbance in weight and appetite - low confidence - bleak outlook of future - suicidal thoughts
Biological symptoms
Lack of energy
Reduced enjoyment
Early morning wakening - 2 hours earlier than normal
Diurnal variation of mood - worse in morning
Reduced appetite
Weight loss - 5%+ of body weight in past month
Psychomotor retardation
Loss of libido
Psychological symptoms
Low self esteem
Guilt and self blame
Hopelessness
Suicidal thoughts
Other presentations: agitation
No psycho-motor retardation
Restless an irritable
Other presentations: masked
Doesn’t look obviously depressed
Denies low mood
Cultural impact?
Other presentations: atypical
Over eating, weight gain, increased sleep
Often extremely fatigued with variable mood
Sometimes extreme anxiety
Relationship with SAD
What are delusions?
Idea/belief held on inadequate grounds
No in keeping with patient’s educational and cultural background
What are hallucinations?
False perception of reality when there is no external stimulus
Often auditory - derogatory voices
Symptoms of mania?
Elated mood Increased activity Increased energy Ideas of self importance Cheerful & optimistic about future Flights of ideas Increased libido Psychotic symptoms
2+ more episodes of elevated and/or lowered mood?
Bi polar
Dysthymia?
Chronic lowering of mood, not quite fulfilling criteria for clinical depression
Cyclothymia?
Persistent instability of mood, not quite fulfilling criteria for bipolar disorder
Epidemiology of depression?
Prevalence = 13-20%
Lifetime risk = 5-17%
More frequent in women, lower social classes, divorced/separated
Lifetime risk of bipolar?
0.5-1.5%
