session 5 Flashcards
what treatment of hyperkalaemia removes K+ from body
calcium resonium, binds to K+ in gut increasing its excretion
how much does 1ml weigh
1 gram
where does dextrose distribute
all fluid compartments
where does NaCl distribute
ECF only
normal range potassium
3.5-5.5 mmol/L
ECG hypokalaemia
peaked p wave, shallow t wave, prominent u wave
ECH hyperkalemia
wide flat p wave, tall tented t wave, widened QRS
transport of K+ in CD if acidotic
secrete H+, resorb K+ and HCO3-
transport of K+ in CD if alkadotic
resorb H+, secrete K+ and HOC3-
symptoms hyperkaleamia
cardiac arrhythmias, weakness muscless
causes hyperkalaemia
lack excretion due to CKD, release from cells due to cell lysis, excess administration from IV fluid
what is the threshold for emergency treatment of hyperkalaemia
greater than 6.5mmol/L or ECG changes
how to treat hyperkalamiea
calcium gluconate to stabilise myocardium, calcium resonium to remove k+ through excretion in bowels, insulin to drives K+ into cell
causes hypokalaema
reduced dietary intake, GI loss, urinary loss, increased uptake into cells
clinical effects hypokalaemia
muscle weakness, vasoconstriction and cardiac arrhythmias, impaired ADH causing polyuria, metabolic acidosis due to increased H+
treatment hypokalaemia
treat cause, potassium replacement
TBW baby
75%
TBW elderly
45%
what is someones daily requirements
30ml/kg/day water
1mmol/kg/day Na+ K+ Cl-
50-100g day glucose
TBW woman
50%
TBW man
60%
how do convoluted tubules regulate body pH
reabsorption of HCO3-
potassium handling in nephron
PCT- most, solvent drag
Ascending LoH- NKCC
DCT- ROMK
late CD- ROMK, secrete under influence aldosterone
emergency treatment hyperkalaemia
calcium gluconate and insulin
long term treatment hyperkalaemia
low potassium diet, furesomideq
what is Hartmans
a clear solution of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride dihydrate and sodium lactate 60% in water
