session 5 Flashcards
what treatment of hyperkalaemia removes K+ from body
calcium resonium, binds to K+ in gut increasing its excretion
how much does 1ml weigh
1 gram
where does dextrose distribute
all fluid compartments
where does NaCl distribute
ECF only
normal range potassium
3.5-5.5 mmol/L
ECG hypokalaemia
peaked p wave, shallow t wave, prominent u wave
ECH hyperkalemia
wide flat p wave, tall tented t wave, widened QRS
transport of K+ in CD if acidotic
secrete H+, resorb K+ and HCO3-
transport of K+ in CD if alkadotic
resorb H+, secrete K+ and HOC3-
symptoms hyperkaleamia
cardiac arrhythmias, weakness muscless
causes hyperkalaemia
lack excretion due to CKD, release from cells due to cell lysis, excess administration from IV fluid
what is the threshold for emergency treatment of hyperkalaemia
greater than 6.5mmol/L or ECG changes
how to treat hyperkalamiea
calcium gluconate to stabilise myocardium, calcium resonium to remove k+ through excretion in bowels, insulin to drives K+ into cell
causes hypokalaema
reduced dietary intake, GI loss, urinary loss, increased uptake into cells
clinical effects hypokalaemia
muscle weakness, vasoconstriction and cardiac arrhythmias, impaired ADH causing polyuria, metabolic acidosis due to increased H+
