s1/s2 examplifies Flashcards
from the hilum, describe the course of the ureter until it enters the bladder
ureter aries from pelvis of each kidney and descends on top of psoas major muscle until it reaches the brim of the pelvis. crosses in front of common iliac arteries. runs postero-inferiorly on lateral walls of pelvis and then curves antero-medially to enter the bladder
where is the vesico uteral junction
junction between the distal ureter and bladder
where is the pelviureteric junction
junction between the pelvis of the kidney and proximal ureter
at what vertebral level is the right kidney
t12-l3
at what vertebral level is the left kidney
t11/12-l2/3
what organs are retroperitoneal
SAD PUCKER
S- suprarenal glans
A- aorta/IVC
D- duodenum
P- pancreas U- ureters C- colon K- kidneys E- oesophagus R- rectum
at what vertebral level is the hilum found at
l1
what fluid is in collecting duct
urine
what vessel branches into the peri-tubular capillary beds
efferent arteriole.
what is activated to decrease GFR in response to haemorrage
sympathetic nervous system
what happens to prevent increase in pressure in glomerular capillaries when the bp increases
compression of afferent arteriole
an increase in pressure in the bowmans space occurs. how would this affect GFR
decrease, as
Pbc = Pgc - (Pbc + pi gc)
what would happen to GRF if tubular hydrostatic pressure (Pbc) increases
decrease
what substance has a rate of filtration equal to rate of excretion
creatinine
at what point is all glucose reabsorbed
the late PCT
