Session 4 part 2:Bulk Cargo Coal and Grain

Question 1

What are some properties of Coal?

Answer 1

-Coals emit methane, a flammable gas, lighter than air

-If this gas is allowed to accumulate, it may seep into other cargo spaces

-Coal may be subject to oxidation(meaning that coal can react with oxygen from the air. This reaction can cause the coal to slowly burn, leading to a rise in temperature and, potentially, a fire hazard.

-Some coals are liable to self-heating and lead to spontaneous combustion

Question 2

What is the title of MGN 60?

Answer 2

titled “Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes,” and it provides guidelines and recommendations for the safe handling and transport of solid bulk cargoes on ships.

Question 3

How would you take care of the cargo (coal) during transit?

Answer 3

-Check the atmosphere for the concentration of methane, carbon monoxide and oxygen regularly
-Ventilate holds if required, must do surface ventilation only
-Check the temperature of the cargo regularly and record it
-Check the cargo hold bilge for the accumulation of moisture, if required you need to pump out
-No smoking on the deck

Question 4

How would you handle and stow grain?

Answer 4

-Protect the cargo from rain, snow, etc.
-Loading grain produces clouds of dust
-Check the grain for pests
-Hold spaces are normally fumigated
-Space must be cool and dry with good ventilation

Question 5

What publication from the IMO would you use for the carriage of grain?

Answer 5

Code for safe carriage of grain in bulk must be followed.Commonly referred to “International Grain Code”

Question 6

In order to carry grain, what must a ship have?

Answer 6

-Document of authorization for the Carriage of Grain document indicates that the ship is compliant with the requirements set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO)

-Grain loading manual (provides guidelines and procedures for the safe and proper loading of grain cargoes in bulk on ships, ensuring compliance with international regulations and preventing cargo-related accidents.

Question 7

How should the stability of the ship be before carrying grain?

Answer 7

-Angle of heel( how far a ship tilts or leans over to one side.) due to grain shift shall not be greater than 12 degrees.

-Ship must have adequate Residual dynamic stability, in the context of ship stability, it refers to the ship’s ability to regain an upright position after being tilted or heeled due to external forces, such as waves or wind. It’s essentially the ship’s ability to return to an upright or stable position on its own after being disturbed

-Initial GM after free surface effect correction shall not be less than 0.30m

The “0.30m” part is like a minimum rule. It’s saying that the ship needs to have a certain amount of good balance (stability) after considering that there are liquids sloshing around inside (like in fuel tanks or swimming pools on board), which can also make it wobbly. They calculate it using some pretty complicated math, taking into account the design of the ship, where things are stored, and so on.

So, in short, the stability margin is to make sure the ship is steady and safe on the water, not tipping over easily.

-Vessel must be upright before sailing