Session 1: Handling of Cargo

Question 1

What should the OOW keep in mind during cargo watch?

Answer 1

1. Safety First:
   
   • Safety should always be the top priority. Ensure that all cargo operations are carried out in a safe manner, following established safety procedures and guidelines.
2. Familiarity with Cargo:
   
   • Have a thorough understanding of the cargo being loaded or discharged, including its nature, stowage requirements, and any special handling instructions.
3. Cargo Documentation:
   
   • Verify that all cargo documentation, including bills of lading(legal documents detailing the type, quantity, and condition of the goods being transported, as well as the terms of the shipment/receipt), cargo manifests
     detailed list or document that provides information about the goods or cargo being carried on a specific transportation vessel), and stowage plans, is accurate and up-to-date.
4. Communication:
   
   • Maintain clear communication with the ship’s crew, terminal personnel, and relevant authorities, using appropriate radio or other communication systems.
5. Weather and Sea Conditions:
   
   • Monitor weather and sea conditions continuously, as adverse weather can affect cargo operations. Take appropriate actions to secure the cargo if conditions deteriorate.
6. Emergency Response:
   
   • Be prepared to respond to emergencies, such as cargo spills, fires, or medical incidents. Ensure that the crew is familiar with emergency procedures.

Question 2

How would you ensure a safe and efficient cargo watch as the OOW?

Answer 2

1. Pre-Watch Preparation:
   
   • Familiarize yourself with the ship’s cargo plan, cargo documentation, and relevant safety procedures well before your watch begins.
2. Safety Assessment:
   
   • Start your watch by assessing the current safety conditions, including weather, sea state, and visibility. If conditions are adverse, consult with the Master and consider delaying or modifying cargo operations if necessary.
3. Communication:
   
   • Establish clear and continuous communication with the bridge team, terminal personnel, and relevant authorities. Ensure all communication systems are in good working order.
4. Security Measures:
   
   • Maintain security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the cargo and the ship, particularly in port areas.

Question 3

What information should you share when another OOW is taking over the watch?

Answer 3

1. Ship’s Position and Course:
   
   • Provide the current position, course, and speed of the ship. Discuss any planned course changes or navigational considerations.
2. Weather Conditions:
   
   • Describe the current weather conditions, including wind speed and direction, visibility, sea state, and any weather changes expected during the watch.
3. Cargo Status:
   
   • Inform the incoming OOW about the status of cargo operations, including the type of cargo being loaded or discharged, the progress of the operation, and any issues or concerns related to cargo handling.
4. Outstanding Tasks and Issues:
   
   • Mention any outstanding tasks, issues, or concerns that the incoming OOW should be aware of, such as maintenance tasks, alarms, or pending communications.
5. Watch Relief Procedures:
   
   • Clarify any specific watch relief procedures or routines that the incoming OOW should follow, including reporting intervals and duties.

Question 4

Give me 3 Cargo Hold cleaning method for bulk carriers?

Answer 4

1. Manual Cleaning: This involves using manual labor and basic cleaning tools like brooms, shovels, brushes, and scrapers to remove loose cargo residues, dirt, and debris. Manual cleaning is often the first step in the cleaning process.
2. High-Pressure Washing: High-pressure water jets or water cannons can be used to remove stubborn cargo residues and to clean the surfaces thoroughly. This method is effective for many types of cargo holds.
3. Chemical Cleaning: Depending on the cargo and contamination, specialized cleaning chemicals may be used. These chemicals can help break down and remove certain types of residues. Care must be taken to choose the appropriate chemicals and follow safety protocols.

Question 5

Cargo cleaning procedure for Bulk carrier?

Answer 5

1. Safety Precautions:
   
   • Before starting any cleaning procedures, ensure that all necessary safety precautions are in place.
   • Conduct a safety briefing for the cleaning crew, emphasizing the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, respirators, and appropriate clothing.
   • Ensure proper ventilation to prevent the buildup of hazardous gases.
2. Preparation:
   
   • Isolate the cargo hold to prevent unauthorized access and secure the area.
   • Remove any loose cargo residues and debris from the hold using brooms, shovels, or other manual tools.
3. High-Pressure Washing:
   
   • Use high-pressure water jets or water cannons to remove stubborn cargo residues and clean the surfaces thoroughly.
   • Pay special attention to corners, seams, and areas where residues may have adhered firmly.
   • Collect and dispose of the wastewater in accordance with environmental regulations.
4. Chemical Cleaning (If Necessary)
5. Inspection:
   
   • After cleaning, conduct a visual inspection of the cargo hold to ensure that it is free of residues and contaminants.
   • Check for any remaining rust or corrosion, and address it as necessary.
6. Drying:
   
   • Ensure that the cargo hold is completely dry before loading the next cargo. Moisture can lead to cargo contamination or corrosion.
   • Use fans or other drying equipment to expedite the drying process if needed.

Question 6

What are four type of dunnage for containers?

Answer 6

-wooden dunnage
-steel dunnage
-rubber dunnage
-air dunnage

Question 7

What’s the purpose of using dunnage in cargo holds?

Answer 7

1. Cargo Stabilization: Dunnage helps stabilize cargo by preventing it from shifting or sliding during transit. This is crucial for maintaining the balance and stability of the ship, reducing the risk of accidents, and ensuring that the vessel remains seaworthy.
2. Protection Against Moisture: Cargo holds on ships can be exposed to moisture from various sources, including seawater, rain, and condensation. Dunnage, such as wooden planks or pallets, raises cargo off the deck or floor, preventing direct contact with moisture. This is especially important for goods that are susceptible to water damage or corrosion.
3. Air Circulation: Some cargo needs proper ventilation to prevent moisture buildup, mold growth, or temperature-related issues. Elevating cargo with dunnage allows for air circulation underneath, helping to maintain the cargo’s condition.
4. Damage Prevention: Dunnage materials like rubber, foam, or padding can cushion and protect cargo from shocks, impacts, and vibrations during transit. This is particularly vital for fragile or sensitive goods, such as electronics or glassware.
5. Preventing Contamination: In the case of certain bulk cargoes, dunnage can act as a barrier between the cargo and the ship’s surfaces, reducing the risk of contamination or chemical reactions that could affect cargo quality.

Question 8

What is ship’s sweat?

Answer 8

Ship sweat refers to condensation which forms directly on a vessel’s structure when the air within a hold, made warm and moist by the cargo, comes into contact with cold surfaces as the vessel moves into cooler climates.

Question 9

What is cargo sweat?

Answer 9

Condensation formation when warm air is added in the cargo hold carrying cooler cargo. Usually when ship is around warm air and warm sea.