Session 4 cont Flashcards
Compare mucus membranes and serous membranes
M-
GI respiratory urinary tract
3 layers
also carries…
S- closed body cavities line 3 types exude a lubricating fluid consists of... also carries...
Define epithelium
tissues are derived from…
What surfaces have epithelial linings?
exterior 1
interior open to exterior 3
interior not open to exterior 5
Name the classifications of the epithelial cells
simple 4
stratified/ compound 4
What is the structure of the basement membrane?
made up of
nucleus bump
Describe the simple squamous epithelia, simple cuboidal, simple columnar
functions?
what body cavities?
functions?
locations? consider the functions within each location too
location?
functions?
Describe the function and location of the microvilli
increase SA absorption
why can’t be seen in H and E stains?
Describe the function and location of the pseudostratified epithelia
all cells
contact with basement membrane
surface has specialisation
nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
secretion
particle trapping
Describe the mucociliary escalator in detail
above the pseudostratified is viscoelastic mucous blanket goblet cells immobilises particles pharynx lubrication swallowed
How much fluid would you expect to find in each plural cavity?
10ml
the plurae surrounding each lung normally contain about 5ml each
each lung has a separate plural membrane so vol=10ml
Describe the function and locations of the stratified squamous epithelia (non-keratinised)
rich in glycogen
maintain low pH
moist areas subject to abrasion
oral cavity oesophagus vagina part of anal canal surface of cornea inner surface of eyelid
protection
reduces water loss
How do the stratified squamous epithelium differ if they are keratinised?
outermost layer lost their nuclei and cornified stratum corneum reduces water loss prevents toxins protects abrasion microbial colonisation
epidermis primary site
What are keratinocytes? How are they made and where?
type of epithelial cells in epidermis mitosis in basal daughters move to surface lose ability to divide synthesise keratins
normal transit time 28-40 days
psoriasis 2-4 days silvery scales
What other cells are found in the epidermis?
melanocytes
difficult to see
melanin
pigment of skin
langerhans cells difficult to see highly specialised present antigens to T cells immune reactions
What is a property of the mature melanosomes?
transferred to keratinocytes
pigment donation
phagocytosis
dendritic processes
What are the functions and locations of the stratified squamous keratinised epithelium?
skin
oral cavity
protection abrasion
prevent water loss
prevent microbial ingress
shielding UV damage
What are the locations and functions of transitional epithelium?
UI tract
distensibility
protection of underlying tissue
vary in shape from columnar/ cuboidal to flattened
Name the six cell surface specialisations
keratin cilia goblet cells club cells microfold cells stereocilia
What is the function of the goblet cells? Describe the structure too
lack of cilia on apical surface have microvilli mucins release exocytosis water release
deficiency of chloride ion
sticky and immovable mucus
cystic fibrosis
What areas of the body can CF act on?
airways liver pancreas small intestine reproductive tracts skin
What are the functions of the club cells?
airway side
no cilia/ basal bodies
protect bronchiolar epithelium
detoxify harmful substances
stem cell
Describe the microfold cells; where they are found and their functions
small intestine
trap pathogens
present to underlying dendritic cells
present to lymphocytes
have a folded extension endocytosis generation of strong immune response represent a weak point pathogens exploit
Where are the stereocilia found?
inner ear
epididymis and vas deferens
contain actin and myosin filaments like cilia
What are the two stages of smoking damage? Describe them
early stage
- layer thickens
- cilia die
- ciliagenesis
chronic stage
- GC and BC proliferate
- CC change shape / die
- mutations and malignancy
- pneumocytes die
cell renewal rates 1-2 months 8 days GC 10 days CC never
Describe acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, COPD and asthma
AB-
cough
reduced lung function
excess mucus in lung passages
CB-
chronic inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles
irreparable damage to bronchioles and alveoli
E-
damage to air sac
loss of elastic recoil
changes to size of alveoli
COPD-
umbrella condition
A-
bronchospasm
obstruction from mucus
narrowing of conducting airways
