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Urinary > Session 4 > Flashcards

Session 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Proximal Convoluted Tubule reabsorb?

A 
Electrolytes
Glucose (100%)
Urea
Amino acids (100%)
Water
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2
Q

What does the Distal Convoluted Tubule do?

A

Reabsorbs water, therefore concentrating the urine.

It reabsorbs water and Na+ as a result of aldosterone action

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3
Q

What effects the Collecting Duct’s permeability?

A

Anti Diuretic hormone

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4
Q

Why can’t plasma volume be changed by adding water to the plasma directly?

A

Because the osmolarity of the plasma would change. Also no active water pumps

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5
Q

How do you change plasma volume without effect osmolarity?

A

Add a isosmotic solution which would increase the volume without changing osmolarity.

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6
Q

What is the major osmotically active solute?

A

Na+ in the extra cellular fluid

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7
Q

What transporter in on the apical membrane of the macula densa cells?

A

NaK2Cl

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8
Q

What is Glomerulotubular balance?

A

Protects against Na+ secretion.
In balance with PCT
Prevents Na+ overload in the PCT and therefore loss of Na+

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9
Q

How does Cl- reabsorption occur?

A

Can be transcellular (Active)
Can be paracellular (Passive)
Coupled to Na+ reabsorption and Na/K ATPase

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10
Q

What are the Na+ transporters in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

A

Na+/H+ antiporter

Na+/Glucose symporter

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11
Q

What is the Na+ transporters in the Loop of Henle?

A

NaKCC2 symporter

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12
Q

What is the Na+ transporters in the early Distal Convoluted Tubule?

A

NaCl Symporter

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13
Q

What is the Na+ transporters in the late Distal Convoluted Tubule and Collecting ducts?

A

ENaC (Epitherlial Sodium channels)

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14
Q

What are the 2 segments of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

A

S1

S2 & S3

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15
Q

What is the transporter for Na+ in S1?

A

Basolateral Na/K ATPase
Basolateral Na/HCO3- co-transporter
Apical NHX (Co transports with Glucose)
Aquaporin

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16
Q

How is electroneutrality maintained in S1?

A

Urea and Cl- concentration remains high to compensate for loss of glucose.
The high Cl- creates a concentration gradient for chloride reabsorption in S2-S3

17
Q

How is Na+ and water reabsorbed in S2-S3?

A

With a basolateral Na+/K+ ATPase

Apical Na+ reabsorbed via NHX, also has Cl- transport, aquaporin

18
Q

What are some of the properties of the PCT in relation to water reabsorption?

A

Highly permeable to water
Obligatory water reabsorption
Driving force is the osmotic gradient established by solute absorption

19
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitium in the PCT?

A

High

20
Q

Why is the oncotic force in the peritubular capillaries high?

A

Due to the loss of 20% of the filtrate at the glomerulus, but cells and proteins are left in the blood. (Therefore water wants to be reabsorbed into the blood)

21
Q

Which part of the Loop of Henle reabsorbs most of the water?

A

The descending limb

22
Q

Which part of the Loop of Henle is impermeable to water and only reabsorbs solutes?

A

The ascending limb - Has no Aquaporin

23
Q

What is the transporter in the Thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?

A

NaKCC2

24
Q

What is the route of K+ at the Loop of Henle?

A

K+ diffuses into the lumen vis ROMK and Cl- move into the interstitium
Less K+ in the filtrate at this point so (to maintain activity of the NaKCC2 transporter) K+ diffuses back into the filtrate.

25
Q

How does the actions of the ascending limb effect the descending limb?

A

The descending limb increases the intracellular concentration of solutes in the interstitium so that water moves out of the ascending limb.

26
Q

Where, in the nephron, is the only place that has a variable water permeability?

A

The late Distal Convoluted Tubule & Collecting ducts

27
Q

What is the composition of fluid that enters the Distal Convoluted tubule?

A

Hypo osmotic (Lower solute concentration)

28
Q

What is the target for Thiazide?

A

The NCC transporter in the Distal Convoluted Tubule

29
Q

What other cation enters in the Distal convoluted tubule?

A

Ca2+ through calcium channels which are sensitive to Parathyroid hormone

30
Q

What are the 2 cell types in the Collecting duct?

A

Principle cells

Type B intercalated cells

31
Q

What is the role of principle cells?

A

Reabsoption of Na+ ions via the ENac

Produce a negative charge in the lumen via the paracelluar route.

32
Q

What is the role of Type B intercalated cells?

A

Active reabsorption of Cl-

Secretes H+ or HCO3- ions

33
Q

How can Na+ reabsorption in the PCT be effected?

A

The RAAS system

34
Q

What are principle cells a target for?

A

Aldosterone

Urinary (14 decks)

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