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Urinary > Session 1 > Flashcards

Session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Isotonic

A

Normal. No NET change

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2
Q

Define Hypotonic

A

Dilute. Water moves into the cell

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3
Q

Define Hypertonic

A

Concentrated. Water moves out of the cell

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4
Q

Define Osmolality

A

Solute per kg of solvent. Measured in milli - osmoles

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5
Q

Define Osmolarity

A

The number of osmoles per solute per litre

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6
Q

What does the pH balance depend on?

A

Hydrogen carbonate in the plasma

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7
Q

What is ultra filtrate made of?

A

Water
Ions
All small molecules

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8
Q

Define retroperitoneal?

A

Outside of the peritoneum. In the case of the Kidneys, they are also posterior to it.

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9
Q

What is the perenchyma made of?

A

The Cortex and Medulla of the kidney

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10
Q

What is the main role of the Glomerulus?

A

It filters the blood.

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11
Q

What are the main properties of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?

A

It is in the Cortex of the kidney and has lots of mitochindria, a large surface area and lots of microvilli

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12
Q

Where in the kidney is the Loop of Henle?

A

In the outer Medulla, it then dips into the inner medulla.

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13
Q

Where is the Distal Convoluted tubule?

A

In the cortex

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14
Q

Where is the collecting duct?

A

Passes through the medulla

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15
Q

What forces small molecules through the Glomerulus?

A

The constant filtration pressure in the capillaries

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16
Q

What arteriole enters the Glomerulus?

A

The afferent arteriole

17
Q

What arteriole exits the Glomerulus?

A

The efferent arteriole

18
Q

What determines the filtration rate?

A

The filtration pressure which is set by the afferent and efferent arterioles

19
Q

What is the main site of reabsorption in the Kidney?

A

The Proximal convoluted tubule. It is non variable reabsorption

20
Q

What are the Peritubular capillaries?

A

The end product of the efferent arteriole. The reabsorbed materials leave by this.

21
Q

What is special about the epithelial cells in the nephron tubules?

A

They are polarised

22
Q

What is the main role of the Loop of Henle?

A

Reabsorption of water and salt. Using counter current multiplication

23
Q

What is Diuresis?

A

When large volumes of dilute urine are produced

24
Q

What is important about the location of the Distal convoluted tubule?

A

It passes very close to the Glomerulus which is important for the communication of both

25
Q

How does the Distal convoluted tubule reabsorb nutrients?

A

It has variable reabsorption of nutrients by using H+ ions

26
Q

What causes the high osmolarity environment of the medulla?

A

The Loop of Henle. The collecting ducts passes through this

27
Q

What does the Renin angiotensin system control?

A

Reabsorption of Na+ and therefore control of extra cellular fluid

28
Q

What hormone controls osmolarity?

A

The anti diuretic hormone

29
Q

Where is the site of excretion in the body?

A

The Kidneys

Urinary (14 decks)

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