Session 1 Flashcards
Define Isotonic
Normal. No NET change
Define Hypotonic
Dilute. Water moves into the cell
Define Hypertonic
Concentrated. Water moves out of the cell
Define Osmolality
Solute per kg of solvent. Measured in milli - osmoles
Define Osmolarity
The number of osmoles per solute per litre
What does the pH balance depend on?
Hydrogen carbonate in the plasma
What is ultra filtrate made of?
Water
Ions
All small molecules
Define retroperitoneal?
Outside of the peritoneum. In the case of the Kidneys, they are also posterior to it.
What is the perenchyma made of?
The Cortex and Medulla of the kidney
What is the main role of the Glomerulus?
It filters the blood.
What are the main properties of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?
It is in the Cortex of the kidney and has lots of mitochindria, a large surface area and lots of microvilli
Where in the kidney is the Loop of Henle?
In the outer Medulla, it then dips into the inner medulla.
Where is the Distal Convoluted tubule?
In the cortex
Where is the collecting duct?
Passes through the medulla
What forces small molecules through the Glomerulus?
The constant filtration pressure in the capillaries
What arteriole enters the Glomerulus?
The afferent arteriole
What arteriole exits the Glomerulus?
The efferent arteriole
What determines the filtration rate?
The filtration pressure which is set by the afferent and efferent arterioles
What is the main site of reabsorption in the Kidney?
The Proximal convoluted tubule. It is non variable reabsorption
What are the Peritubular capillaries?
The end product of the efferent arteriole. The reabsorbed materials leave by this.
What is special about the epithelial cells in the nephron tubules?
They are polarised
What is the main role of the Loop of Henle?
Reabsorption of water and salt. Using counter current multiplication
What is Diuresis?
When large volumes of dilute urine are produced
What is important about the location of the Distal convoluted tubule?
It passes very close to the Glomerulus which is important for the communication of both
How does the Distal convoluted tubule reabsorb nutrients?
It has variable reabsorption of nutrients by using H+ ions
What causes the high osmolarity environment of the medulla?
The Loop of Henle. The collecting ducts passes through this
What does the Renin angiotensin system control?
Reabsorption of Na+ and therefore control of extra cellular fluid
What hormone controls osmolarity?
The anti diuretic hormone
Where is the site of excretion in the body?
The Kidneys
