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ESA3: Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy > Session 3: Major Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck > Flashcards

Session 3: Major Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which major vessels does the sternocleidomastoid mainly cover in the neck?

A

Internal jugular vein

Common carotid artery

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2
Q

What two major arteries arise from the brachiocephallic trunk?

A

Subclavian and common carotid

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3
Q

What three arteries does the subclavian artery give rise to?

A

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical

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4
Q

What arteries come from the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Ascending and transverse cervical arteries
Suprascapular artery
Inferior thyroid artery

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5
Q

Through which structure do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?

A

Foramen magnum

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6
Q

How do the vertebral arteries travel up the neck?

A

Through the transverse foramina in C1-C6

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7
Q

Which of the carotid arteries gives off no branches in the neck?

A

Internal

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8
Q

What structure does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

A

The carotid canal

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9
Q

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

A

The level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage

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10
Q

Which of the IJV and common carotid is most lateral?

A

Internal jugular vein

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11
Q

Why do atheromas form at the bifurcation of the common carotid?

A

There is a fair amount of turbulent blood flow

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12
Q

What is present in the carotid body?

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors to detect arterial O2

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13
Q

What is the carotid sinus?

A

A swelling at the region of bifurcation containing baroreceptors

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14
Q

What two nerves can you access using the carotid triangle?

A

Hypoglossal and vagus

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15
Q

Why is a carotid sinus massage used for VF?

A

Brings the heart back to sinus rhythm by increasing vagal impulses

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16
Q

Which artery traverses through the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery

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17
Q

Name the three major branches of the ophthalmic artery

A

Supratrochlear artery
Supra-orbital artery
Central retinal artery

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18
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

19
Q

Which muscle is the facial artery located anteriorly to?

A

Masseter

20
Q

Name the five main arteries supplying the scalp

A 
Supraorbital 
Supratrochlear
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital
21
Q

In which layer do the vessels of the scalp lie in?

A

Subcutaneous connective tissue layer

22
Q

Why may a deep laceration involving epicranial aponeurosis cause profuse bleeding?

A

Opposing pull of occiptofrontalis pulls the laceration apart

23
Q

Why does a loss of blood supply to the scalp not lead to bone necrosis?

A

The skull is mostly supplied by a different artery (middle meningeal artery)

24
Q

Which are two important branches of the maxillary artery?

A

Middle meningeal artery

Sphenopalatine artery

25
Q

What does the maxillary artery supply in the face?

A

Deep structures and muscles

26
Q

What is the Kiesselbach area?

A

An anastomosis of arteries in the nasal septum

27
Q

What is the clinical importance of the Kiesselbach area?

A

Common site for epistaxis

28
Q

What are the two most important branches contributing to the Kiesselbach area?

A

Septal branch of the spenopalatine artery

Anterior ethmoidal arteries

29
Q

Through which structure does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

A

Foramen spinosum

30
Q

How may blood supply to the bone be kept intact in a craniotomy?

A

Reflection of the bone and scalp flap inferiorly

31
Q

At which point of the face is the angular vein formed?

A

Medial angle of the eye

32
Q

Which two veins unite to form the angular vein?

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

33
Q

Which vein does the angular vein drain into?

A

The facial vein

34
Q

What do the deep veins of the temporal region of the scalp drain into?

A

The pterygoid venous plexus

35
Q

What is the purpose of emissary veins?

A

To connect veins of the skull to the dural venous sinuses

36
Q

How are veins of the face different to normal veins?

A

They are valveless

37
Q

What do the deep facial veins drain into?

A

The pterygoid venous plexus

38
Q

What do the facial vein and superior ophthalmic veins drain into?

A

The cavernous sinus

39
Q

What bone is the cavernous sinus located on top of?

A

The sphenoid

40
Q

What is the significance of the danger triangle of the face?

A

Infections in this region can spread to the dural venous sinuses

41
Q

Which branch of the jugular vein gives a better idea of pressure in the right atrium?

A

Right internal jugular vein

42
Q

How do you measure JVP?

A

Measure the height of pulsations from the sternal angle and add 5cm

43
Q

How should a patient be orientated to get the best view of the right IJV?

A

Turn the head to a 45 degree angle (slightly to the left)

ESA3: Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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