Session 3: Major Blood Vessels Of The Head And Neck

Question 1

Which major vessels does the sternocleidomastoid mainly cover in the neck?

Answer 1

Internal jugular vein

Common carotid artery

Question 2

What two major arteries arise from the brachiocephallic trunk?

Answer 2

Subclavian and common carotid

Question 3

What three arteries does the subclavian artery give rise to?

Answer 3

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical

Question 4

What arteries come from the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 4

Ascending and transverse cervical arteries
Suprascapular artery
Inferior thyroid artery

Question 5

Through which structure do the vertebral arteries enter the cranium?

Answer 5

Foramen magnum

Question 6

How do the vertebral arteries travel up the neck?

Answer 6

Through the transverse foramina in C1-C6

Question 7

Which of the carotid arteries gives off no branches in the neck?

Answer 7

Internal

Question 8

What structure does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

Answer 8

The carotid canal

Question 9

Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 9

The level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage

Question 10

Which of the IJV and common carotid is most lateral?

Answer 10

Internal jugular vein

Question 11

Why do atheromas form at the bifurcation of the common carotid?

Answer 11

There is a fair amount of turbulent blood flow

Question 12

What is present in the carotid body?

Answer 12

Peripheral chemoreceptors to detect arterial O2

Question 13

What is the carotid sinus?

Answer 13

A swelling at the region of bifurcation containing baroreceptors

Question 14

What two nerves can you access using the carotid triangle?

Answer 14

Hypoglossal and vagus

Question 15

Why is a carotid sinus massage used for VF?

Answer 15

Brings the heart back to sinus rhythm by increasing vagal impulses

Question 16

Which artery traverses through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 16

Internal carotid artery

Question 17

Name the three major branches of the ophthalmic artery

Answer 17

Supratrochlear artery
Supra-orbital artery
Central retinal artery

Question 18

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 18

Superficial temporal artery

Maxillary artery

Question 19

Which muscle is the facial artery located anteriorly to?

Answer 19

Masseter

Question 20

Name the five main arteries supplying the scalp

Answer 20

Supraorbital 
Supratrochlear
Superficial temporal
Posterior auricular
Occipital

Question 21

In which layer do the vessels of the scalp lie in?

Answer 21

Subcutaneous connective tissue layer

Question 22

Why may a deep laceration involving epicranial aponeurosis cause profuse bleeding?

Answer 22

Opposing pull of occiptofrontalis pulls the laceration apart

Question 23

Why does a loss of blood supply to the scalp not lead to bone necrosis?

Answer 23

The skull is mostly supplied by a different artery (middle meningeal artery)

Question 24

Which are two important branches of the maxillary artery?

Answer 24

Middle meningeal artery

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 25

What does the maxillary artery supply in the face?

Answer 25

Deep structures and muscles

Question 26

What is the Kiesselbach area?

Answer 26

An anastomosis of arteries in the nasal septum

Question 27

What is the clinical importance of the Kiesselbach area?

Answer 27

Common site for epistaxis

Question 28

What are the two most important branches contributing to the Kiesselbach area?

Answer 28

Septal branch of the spenopalatine artery | Anterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 29

Through which structure does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull?

Answer 29

Foramen spinosum

Question 30

How may blood supply to the bone be kept intact in a craniotomy?

Answer 30

Reflection of the bone and scalp flap inferiorly

Question 31

At which point of the face is the angular vein formed?

Answer 31

Medial angle of the eye

Question 32

Which two veins unite to form the angular vein?

Answer 32

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Question 33

Which vein does the angular vein drain into?

Answer 33

The facial vein

Question 34

What do the deep veins of the temporal region of the scalp drain into?

Answer 34

The pterygoid venous plexus

Question 35

What is the purpose of emissary veins?

Answer 35

To connect veins of the skull to the dural venous sinuses

Question 36

How are veins of the face different to normal veins?

Answer 36

They are valveless

Question 37

What do the deep facial veins drain into?

Answer 37

The pterygoid venous plexus

Question 38

What do the facial vein and superior ophthalmic veins drain into?

Answer 38

The cavernous sinus

Question 39

What bone is the cavernous sinus located on top of?

Answer 39

The sphenoid

Question 40

What is the significance of the danger triangle of the face?

Answer 40

Infections in this region can spread to the dural venous sinuses

Question 41

Which branch of the jugular vein gives a better idea of pressure in the right atrium?

Answer 41

Right internal jugular vein

Question 42

How do you measure JVP?

Answer 42

Measure the height of pulsations from the sternal angle and add 5cm

Question 43

How should a patient be orientated to get the best view of the right IJV?

Answer 43

Turn the head to a 45 degree angle (slightly to the left)