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ESA3: Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy > Session 1: General Organisation Of Head And Neck > Flashcards

Session 1: General Organisation Of Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three divisions of the deep cervical fascia (from superficial to deep)

A

Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer

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2
Q

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve

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3
Q

What is the space between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia called?

A

Retropharyngeal space

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4
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

A

The facial nerve (CN VII)

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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6
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides the motor supply for the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division (V3)

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7
Q

Where does the internal jugular vein receive venous drainage from?

A

Facial vein

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8
Q

Name the five terminal extracranial divisions of the facial nerve (CN VII)

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
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9
Q

Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve supplying the face (CN V)

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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10
Q

What do muscles do mastication act to do?

A

Open and close the jaw

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11
Q

Why can infections in the retropharyngeal and pretracheal spaces involve mediastinal structures?

A

These spaces extend inferiorly into the mediastinum

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12
Q

What muscle is within the superficial cervical fascia?

A

Playsma

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13
Q

What type of muscles are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Strap muscles

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14
Q

Give the borders of the anterior triangle

A

Inferior margin of the mandible
Midline of the neck
Anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

Give the borders of the posterior triangle

A

Clavicle
Anterior margin of trapezius
Posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid

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16
Q

What is the innervation of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A

Facial nerve

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18
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy caused by?

A

Inflammation of the facial nerve

19
Q

Name the four muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

20
Q

Where is the medial pterygoid located in relation to the lateral pterygoid?

A

Inferiorly

21
Q

At the level of which vertebra is the hyoid bone?

A

C3

22
Q

What three things are found at the level of C6?

A

Cricoid cartilage
Start of the oesophagus
Start of the trachea

23
Q

At the level of which vertebra is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

A

C4

24
Q

Where is the external jugular vein found in the neck?

A

Deep to platysma, superficial to the sternocleidomastoid (within the superficial cervical layer)

25
Q

Name the five layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
CT (dense)
Aponeurosis
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
26
Q

Contraction of which muscle will give a surprised look on the face?

A

Occiptofrontalis

27
Q

Which layers of the scalp make up the ‘scalp proper’?

A

Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis

28
Q

In which layer of the scalp do infections most commonly tend to localise and spread?

A

Loose areolar tissue

29
Q

Why might a blow to the forehead lead to a black eye?

A

Blood can haemorrhage through the loose connective tissue to the eyes

30
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the scalp anterior to the ears?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

31
Q

Name the four branches of the trigeminal nerve innervating the anterior scalp

A

Supratrochlear
Supra-orbital
Zygomaticotemporal
Auriculotemporal

32
Q

What four nerves supply the scalp posteriorly to the ears?

A

Great auricular nerve
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater occipital nerve
Third occipital nerve

33
Q

Name the three arterial branches of the external carotid artery supplying the scalp

A

Posterior auricular artery
Occipital artery
Superficial temporal artery

34
Q

What vein drains the lateral area of the scalp?

A

Superficial temporal vein

35
Q

Which area does the occipital vein drain?

A

Posterior scalp

36
Q

What two veins drain the anterior scalp?

A

Supratrochear and supraorbital veins

37
Q

What vein drains the scalp posterior to the ear?

A

Posterior auricular vein

38
Q

What artery supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the scalp?

A

Superficial temporal artery

39
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior aspect of the scalp?

A

Occipital artery

40
Q

Which part of the scalp does the posterior auricular artery supply?

A

Area posterior to the ear

41
Q

What is the superior border of the carotid triangle?

A

Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

42
Q

What is the lateral border of the carotid triangle?

A

Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

43
Q

What is the inferior border of the carotid triangle?

A

Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

44
Q

What is the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

The common carotid
Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal nerve
Vagus nerve

ESA3: Head, Neck And Neuroanatomy (7 decks)

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