Session 1: General Organisation Of Head And Neck

Question 1

Name the three divisions of the deep cervical fascia (from superficial to deep)

Answer 1

Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer

Question 2

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

Answer 2

Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve

Question 3

What is the space between the prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia called?

Answer 3

Retropharyngeal space

Question 4

What nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 4

The facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 5

Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

Answer 5

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 6

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides the motor supply for the muscles of mastication?

Answer 6

Mandibular division (V3)

Question 7

Where does the internal jugular vein receive venous drainage from?

Answer 7

Facial vein

Question 8

Name the five terminal extracranial divisions of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Answer 8

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

Question 9

Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve supplying the face (CN V)

Answer 9

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

Question 10

What do muscles do mastication act to do?

Answer 10

Open and close the jaw

Question 11

Why can infections in the retropharyngeal and pretracheal spaces involve mediastinal structures?

Answer 11

These spaces extend inferiorly into the mediastinum

Question 12

What muscle is within the superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 12

Playsma

Question 13

What type of muscles are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 13

Strap muscles

Question 14

Give the borders of the anterior triangle

Answer 14

Inferior margin of the mandible
Midline of the neck
Anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid

Question 15

Give the borders of the posterior triangle

Answer 15

Clavicle
Anterior margin of trapezius
Posterior margin of sternocleidomastoid

Question 16

What is the innervation of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 16

Accessory nerve

Question 17

What is the innervation of the platysma?

Answer 17

Facial nerve

Question 18

What is Bell’s Palsy caused by?

Answer 18

Inflammation of the facial nerve

Question 19

Name the four muscles of mastication

Answer 19

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

Question 20

Where is the medial pterygoid located in relation to the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 20

Inferiorly

Question 21

At the level of which vertebra is the hyoid bone?

Answer 21

C3

Question 22

What three things are found at the level of C6?

Answer 22

Cricoid cartilage
Start of the oesophagus
Start of the trachea

Question 23

At the level of which vertebra is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

Answer 23

C4

Question 24

Where is the external jugular vein found in the neck?

Answer 24

Deep to platysma, superficial to the sternocleidomastoid (within the superficial cervical layer)

Question 25

Name the five layers of the scalp

Answer 25

``` Skin CT (dense) Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium ```

Question 26

Contraction of which muscle will give a surprised look on the face?

Answer 26

Occiptofrontalis

Question 27

Which layers of the scalp make up the ‘scalp proper’?

Answer 27

Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis

Question 28

In which layer of the scalp do infections most commonly tend to localise and spread?

Answer 28

Loose areolar tissue

Question 29

Why might a blow to the forehead lead to a black eye?

Answer 29

Blood can haemorrhage through the loose connective tissue to the eyes

Question 30

Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the scalp anterior to the ears?

Answer 30

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 31

Name the four branches of the trigeminal nerve innervating the anterior scalp

Answer 31

Supratrochlear Supra-orbital Zygomaticotemporal Auriculotemporal

Question 32

What four nerves supply the scalp posteriorly to the ears?

Answer 32

Great auricular nerve Lesser occipital nerve Greater occipital nerve Third occipital nerve

Question 33

Name the three arterial branches of the external carotid artery supplying the scalp

Answer 33

Posterior auricular artery Occipital artery Superficial temporal artery

Question 34

What vein drains the lateral area of the scalp?

Answer 34

Superficial temporal vein

Question 35

Which area does the occipital vein drain?

Answer 35

Posterior scalp

Question 36

What two veins drain the anterior scalp?

Answer 36

Supratrochear and supraorbital veins

Question 37

What vein drains the scalp posterior to the ear?

Answer 37

Posterior auricular vein

Question 38

What artery supplies blood to the lateral aspect of the scalp?

Answer 38

Superficial temporal artery

Question 39

Which artery supplies the posterior aspect of the scalp?

Answer 39

Occipital artery

Question 40

Which part of the scalp does the posterior auricular artery supply?

Answer 40

Area posterior to the ear

Question 41

What is the superior border of the carotid triangle?

Answer 41

Posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Question 42

What is the lateral border of the carotid triangle?

Answer 42

Medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 43

What is the inferior border of the carotid triangle?

Answer 43

Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Question 44

What is the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 44

The common carotid Internal jugular vein Hypoglossal nerve Vagus nerve