Session 3-Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What is the O2 saturation in the RA?
67%
What is the O2 saturation in the RV?
67%
What is the O2 saturation in the LA?
99%
What is the O2 saturation in the LV?
99%
What is the O2 saturation in the pulmonary artery?
67%
What is the O2 saturation in the aorta?
99%
What is the pressure in the RA?
/4
What is the pressure in the RV?
25/3
What is the pressure in the pulmonary artery?
25/10
What is the pressure in the LA?
/5
What is the pressure in the LV?
80/4
What is the pressure in the aorta?
80/40
What is the O2 saturation in the venous system?
~60-70%
True or false: increased lung blood flow is damaging
FALSE - not damaging but increased pulmonary artery or pulmonary venous pressure is
What are the two classifications of congenital heart disease?
Acyanotic
Cyanotic
What are the haemodynamic effects of atrial septal defects? (4)
1) increased pulmonary blood flow
2) RV volume overload
3) pulmonary hypertension (rare)
4) eventual right heart failure
What are the haemodynamic effects of ventricular septal defects? (4)
1) left to right shunt
2) LV volume overload
3) pulmonary venous congestion
4) eventual pulmonary hypertension
In which condition are atrio-ventricular septal defects common?
Down syndrome
What is coarctation?
Congenital narrowing of short section of aorta
What is tetralogy of Fallot?
During development, RV and LV separate and the arteries rotate round each other but in this condition, they don’t rotate enough and ventricular septum doesn’t close
What are the effects of tetralogy of Fallot? (4)
1) pulmonary stenosis
2) ventricular septal defect
3) RV hypertrophy
4) over-riding aorta
What is the patho-physiology of tricuspid atresia? (3)
1) no RV inlet
2) R to L atrial shunt of entire venous return
3) blood flow to lungs via ventricular septal defect (or patent ductus arteriosus)
What happens in hypoplastic left heart? (4)
1) LV is underdeveloped
2) ascending aorta is very small
3) RV supports systemic circulation
4) obligatory R to L shunt
What happens when there is transposition of the great arteries? (3)
1) right vent connected to aorta
2) left vent connected to pulmonary artery
3) not viable unless two circuits communicate ie via atrial, ventricular or ductal shunts
True or false: transposition of great arteries is an example of bi-directional shunting
TRUE
What is the patho-physiology of pulmonary atresia? (3)
1) no RV outlet
2) R to L atrial shunt of entire venous return
3) blood flow to lungs via patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
True or false: atrial septal defects (ASD) are usually asymptomatic late into adulthood
TRUE
What can untreated ventricular septal defects (VSD) lead to?
In-operable pulmonary hypertension
True or false: transposition/hypoplastic left heart/pre-ductal coarctation/pulmonary atresia are often due to increased pulmonary blood flow
FALSE - reduced pulmonary blood flow
