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Semester 2-CVS > Session 1-Haemodynamics > Flashcards

Session 1-Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fluid collected from unclotted blood called?

A

Plasma

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2
Q

What is the fluid collected from clotted blood called?

A

Serum

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3
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma - clotting factors (in particular fibrinogen)

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4
Q

Which cells are in the buffy coat?

A

WBCs

Platelets

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5
Q

What is peripheral resistance?

A

Resistance of the arteries to blood flow ie. as arteries constrict, resistance increases and as they dilate, resistance decreases

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6
Q

What is the commonest cause of increase in plasma viscosity and therefore whole blood viscosity?

A

Multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells)

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7
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by an increase in RBCs?

A

Polycythaemia

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8
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by an increase in platelets?

A

Thrombocythaemia

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9
Q

What is the name of the condition caused by an increase in WBCs?

A

Leukaemia

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10
Q

Complete the sentence:

Marked increase in plasma viscosity can lead to _____________ whole blood viscosity and __________ of blood in peripheries.

A

Increased

Sludging

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11
Q

What can minor changes in plasma viscosity be a result of?

A

Raised levels of acute phase plasma proteins

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12
Q

Give examples of acute phase plasma proteins

A

Fibrinogen
Complement factors
C-reactive protein

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13
Q

What do acute phase proteins increase in response to?

A

Inflammation

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14
Q

True or false: minor changes in plasma viscosity can be used to ‘measure’ the inflammatory response

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What is the difference between flow and velocity of blood?

A

Flow is the volume of blood moving per unit time

Velocity is the distance blood travels per unit time

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16
Q

What are the two types of blood flow?

A

Laminar

Turbulent

17
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

Blood usually flows in streamlines with each layer of blood remaining the same distance from the wall

18
Q

When laminar flow occurs, velocity of blood in the centre of a vessel is greater than that toward the outer edge. What does this create?

A

Parabolic profile

19
Q

What is turbulent flow?

A

Blood flowing in all directions in the vessel and continually mixing within the vessel

20
Q

When does turbulent blood flow occur? (4)

A

1) when rate of blood flow is too great
2) when it passes by an obstruction in a vessel
3) when it makes a sharp turn
4) when it passes over a rough surface

21
Q

What is the name given to the sound of turbulence in a peripheral artery?

A

Bruit

22
Q

What is the name given to the feeling of turbulence?

A

Thrill

23
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Peak systolic pressure - end diastolic pressure

24
Q

How can mean arterial pressure be calculated from a descending aorta pressure tracing?

A

Area under the graph

25
Q

How can the mean arterial pressure be estimated?

A

Diastolic pressure + 1/3 of pulse pressure

26
Q

What does it mean if the mean arterial pressure falls below 70mmHg?

A

Organ perfusion is impaired

27
Q

What is the pulse more accurately described as?

A

Shock wave that arrives slightly before the blood itself

28
Q

What determines the strength or volume of the pulse? (2)

A

1) force with which left ventricle ejects blood into the arterial system
2) pulse pressure

29
Q

What can reduced pulse volume result from? (3)

A

1) Left ventricular failure
2) Aortic valve stenosis
3) Hypovolaemia (severe dehydration, bleeding)

30
Q

What is a pulse with reduced volume described as?

A

Thready

31
Q

What is a strong pulse described as?

A

Bounding

32
Q

True or false:

Tachycardia widens pulse pressure and leads to a bounding pulse

A

FALSE - bradycardia (such as heart block), not tachycardia

33
Q

Complete the sentence:

_____ peripheral resistance lowers diastolic pressure and therefore ____________ pulse pressure

A

Low

Increases

34
Q

What are some examples of low peripheral resistance?

A

Hot bath
Exercise
Pregnancy

35
Q

What is the pulse obliteration pressure?

A

Systolic pressure (when pulse disappears)

36
Q

What does a phase I sound indicate?

A

Systolic pressure

37
Q

What does a phase V sound indicate?

A

Diastolic pressure

Semester 2-CVS (18 decks)

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