Session 3 - Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards
what are acyanotic heart defects
when blood is shunted from the left to right
what is PDA
when the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth so blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery
what does PDA stand for
patent ductus arteriosus
what is atrial septum defect
when either the septum primum or septum secundum is too small as so blood can pass through the LA to RA
what does atrial septum defect result in
increase in pulmonary flow, RV volume overload, pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure
what is ventricular septal defect
when there is a gap in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum
what does ventricular septum defect result in
LV stretching in order to maintain cardiac output, pulmonary venous congestion and pulmonary hypertension
what is the most commone type of congential heart defect
ventricular septum defect
what is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta
what are cyanotic heart defects
defects leading to a lack of oxygenated blood causing a blue discolouration of the skin
what is hypoplastic left heart syndrome
underdevelopment of the left side of the heart due to a defect in the mitral or aortic valves
what is transposition of the great arteries
where the aorta arises from the RV and the pulmonary trunk arises from the LV
why doesn’t death occur in uterine due to transposition of the great arteries
bi-directional shunting
what is tetralogy of fallot
a collection of cardiac defects resulting in a right to left ventricular shunt and deoxygenated blood entering the aorta
what type of cells are at particular risk from alcohol
neural crest cells
