Session 3 - Autonomic Supply to the Head and Neck

Question 1

What are the 4 classes of spinal nerves? What do they do?

Answer 1

1. General somatic afferents – general sensation
2. General visceral afferents – visceral sensation
3. General visceral efferents – Visceral structures
4. General somatic Efferents – Skeletal muscles

Question 2

What are the 3 extra classes of special cranial nerves? What do they do?

Answer 2

1. Special visceral efferents – muscles derived from pharyngeal arches (CNV, VII, IX, X)
2. Special somatic afferents – equilibration, hearing, and sight
3. Special visceral afferents – taste

Question 3

What is the general structure of outflow of autonomic signals?

Answer 3

Specific CNS nuclei –> Autonomic Ganglion –> Effector organ

Pre-ganglionic Axon Post-ganglionic axon

Question 4

Which cranial nerves go to the head and neck region?

Answer 4

CN III, VII, IX, X

Question 5

Which cranial nerve goes to viscera?

Answer 5

CN X

Question 6

What are the names of the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 6

I - Olfactory

II - Optic

III - Oculomotor

IV - Trochlear

V - Trigeminal

VI - Abducent (Abducens)

VII - Facial

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

IX - Glossopharyngeal

X - Vagus

XI - Spinal Accessory

XII - Hypoglossal

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Girly Vaginas So Heavenly

Question 7

What is the function of the 12 cranial cranial nerves?

Answer 7

I - Sensory

II - Sensory

III - Motor

IV - Motor

V - Both

VI - Motor

VII - Both

VIII - Sensory

IX - Both

X - Both

XI - Motor

XII - Motor

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter More

Question 8

Where does the sympathetic innervation of the H&N come from? Where is this found?

Answer 8

Sympathetic Trunk

• Anterolateral to the vertebral column
• Lying on the prevertebral fascia and muscles
• Deep to the carotid sheath

Question 9

What are the 3 cervical sympathetic ganglia? What are they known as after synapsing? Where do they travel?

Answer 9

Superior, middle and inferior

After synapsing, known as internal and external carotid nerves. Travel alongside BVs to target tissues.

Question 10

What 3 structures does the superior cervical ganglion supply?

Answer 10

The Pharyngeal Plexus
The Upper 4 Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

Question 11

What 2 structures does the middle cervical ganglion supply?

Answer 11

The 5th and 6th Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

Question 12

What 2 structures does the inferior cervical ganglion supply?

Answer 12

The 7th and 8th Cervical Nerves
Cardiac Branch to the Cardiac Plexus

Question 13

What are the 4 pairs of parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

Answer 13

Ciliary Ganglion
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Submandibular Ganglion
Otic Ganglion

Question 14

What are the 4 cranial nerves that have brainstem nuclei?

Answer 14

Oculomotor (CN III)
Facial (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Vagus (CN X)

Question 15

Which ganglia are following CNs associated with?

a) oculomotor
b) facial
c) glossopharyngeal

Answer 15

a) ciliary ganglion
b) pterygopalatine / submandibular ganglion
c) Otic ganglion

Question 16

Where does the ciliary ganglion lie?

Answer 16

Orbital cavity

Question 17

Where does the pterygopalatine ganglion lie? What PS structures and Sympathetic structures does it control?

Answer 17

Lies in pterygopalatine fossa

PS - Lacrimal glands, glands of nose, palate and nasopharynx

Sympathetic - Superior cervical ganglion

Question 18

What PS and Sym structures does the ciliary ganglion supply?

Answer 18

PS - Sphincter papillae, ciliary muscles

Question 19

What PS and sym structures does the Submandibular ganglion supply?

Answer 19

PS - submandibular gland, sublingual

Question 20

What sym and PS strctures does the Otic ganglion supply?

Answer 20

PS - parotid

Sym - Parotid gland

Question 21

What causes Horner’s Syndrome? How does it manifest?

Answer 21

Interruption of a cervical sympathetic trunk

Features on ipsilateral side of head:

• Miosis - constriction of pupil
• Ptosis
• Vasodilation - Redness and increased temp of skin
• Anhydrosis - Absence of sweating.