Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA 4 - Head and Neck > Session 11 - Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Session 11 - Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

From where to where does the pharynx extend to, anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

From cranial base to inferior border of cricoid cartilage anteriorly

And Inferior border of C6 posteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 3 parts is the pharynx divided into?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx/hypopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of epithelium does each part of the pharynx have?

A

Nasopharynx - pseudostratified ciliated with goblet cells

Oropharynx - Stratified squamous non keratinised

Laryngopharynx - Stratified sqmaous non keratinised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

From where to where does the nasopharynx extend?

A

top of pharynx to bottom of soft palate/uvula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why might an infection lead to blockage of the eustachian tube? What disease does this lead to?

A

Lymphoid tissue forms a Tonsillar ring around the superior part of the pharynx, which aggregates to form the Adenoids. The adenoids may become swollen during infection in children

Leads to otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From where to where does the oropharynx extend?

A

Soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

From where to where does the laryngopharynx extend?

A

superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two muscular layers of the pharynx?

A

outer circular muscle layer and inner longitudinal mucle layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function and action of the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx?

A

During swallowing the muscle constrict to propel the bolus of food downwards. Muscles overlap each other to achieve this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the inner longitudinal muscle layer? What is their function?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus

Act to shorten and widen pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the pharynx innervated? and how is this plexus formed?

A

Pharyngeal plexus - formed from vagus, glossopharyngeal, and sympathetic fibres from superior cervical ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

Except stylopharyngeus muscle which is glossopharyngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the voluntary and pharyngeal phase of swallowing

A

Voluntary Phase

  • Tongue moves the bolus back onto the pharynx

Pharyngeal Phase

Pressure receptor in palate triggers:

  1. Inhibition of breathing
  2. Raising of the larynx – Suprahyoid and Longitudinal Muscles
  3. Closure of the glottis
  4. Opening of the upper oesophageal ‘sphincter’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the arteries that supply the pharynx? Which artery do they originate from?

A

From external carotid:

  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • lingual
  • facial
  • maxillary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus –> internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What clinical features can occur in enlarged adenoids?

A
  • Nasal obstruction
  • Mouth breathing, nasal speech
  • Feeding difficulty (especially infants)
  • Snoring / Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
  • Block the opening of the Eustachian Tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

During what ages is the maximal size for adenoids?

A

3-8 then regression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where does the palatine tonsils lie?

A

lies between palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch

27
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the palatine tonsils?

A

Jugulo-digastric (tonsillar) node

28
Q

What is quinsy? How is it treated?

A

Peritonsillar abscess pushing uvula to other side

Requires drainage

29
Q

Name the 3 regions food is likely to become stuck in the oropharynx

A
  • Vallecula - pouch between tongue and epiglottis
  • Base of tongue
  • Region of palatine tonsil
30
Q

Name the 2 regions food is likely to become stuck in the layngopharynx

A
  • Piriform fossa - recess between central part of larynx and lateral lamina of thyroid cartilage
  • Cricopharyngeus
31
Q

From where to where does the larynx extend?

A

Laryngeal inlet to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

32
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Guards air passage during swallowing. Larynx rises and epiglottis closes to allow the bolus to slide down it and into the oesophagus

33
Q
A
34
Q

What cervical vertebrae does the upper surface of the thyroid cartilage mark? What can be found here?

A

c4 - bifurcation of common carotid and level of carotid body

35
Q

How does the thyroid cartilage articulate with the hyoid bone nad the cricoid cartilage

A

via superior and inferior horns

36
Q

What cervical level does the cricoid cartilage mark?

A

c6

37
Q

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

vocal cord movement

38
Q

What is the conus elasticus? What is the upper free border of the cricovocal ligament?

A

lateral cricothyroid ligament. Upper free border is the vocal ligament.

39
Q
A
40
Q

What is found in the supraglottic space?

A

vestiblar folds (false vocal cords)

41
Q

What is found in the glottis?

A

vocal cords and rima glottis (space between vocal cords)

42
Q

What is found in the subglottic space?

A

Lower border of cricoid cartilage

43
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevates or depresses larynx

44
Q

What is the function of the vocal folds of the larynx?

A

Open and close glottis

45
Q

What is the function of the aryepiglottic folds of the larnx?

A

Help close laryngeal inlet

46
Q

What structures do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx act upon?

A

Vocal and aryepiglotic folds

47
Q

What is the nervous supply of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles. The exception is the Cricothyroid Muscle, which is supplied by the External Laryngeal Nerve.

48
Q

What are the 3 layers of the vocal cords?

A
  • Stratified Squamous Epithelium
  • Vocal Ligament
  • Vocalis Muscle
49
Q

Which muscles are responsible for the abduction and adduction og the vocal cords?

A

Abduction – Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Adduction – Lateral Cricoarytenoid and cricothyroid

50
Q

What is the laryngeal nerves a subsidiary of?

A

Branches of vagus nerve

51
Q

What nerves supply the sensation above and below the true vocal cords?

A

Above - superior laryngeal

Below - Recurrent laryngeal

52
Q

What vertebrae does the left and right recurrent laryngeal descend to? Where does each nerve curve under?

A

Left - T4, under arch of aorta

Right - T2, under right subclavian

53
Q

How does palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve present clinically?

A

hoarseness of the voice. Longer than 3 weeks is red flag

54
Q

Give 3 possible causes of recurrent laryngeal palsy

A

Infection, GORD, apical lung tumour

55
Q
A
56
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx and what are they branches of?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which are branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries.

57
Q

What is the venous drainage of the larynx?

A

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins

superior Laryngeal –> superior thyroid –> internal jugular

Inferior laryngeal –> inferior thyroid –> left brachiocephalic

58
Q

What 2 things can cause a laryngeal obstruction?

A

Inhalation of foreign body and tumour

59
Q

In an emergency, where would you open an airway into the trachea?

A

Through the cricothyroid membrane, aka cricothyroidotomy

60
Q

What is the afferent and efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - glossopharyngeal

Efferent - Vagus

61
Q

In a patient with tonsillitis, which lymph node would you expect to be enlarged?

A

Tonsillar (jugulo-digastric)

62
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Weakening between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscles leading to diverticulum of pharyngeal mucosa between them

63
Q
A

ESA 4 - Head and Neck (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions