Session 1 - Osteology of the Head and Neck Flashcards
How are bones of the skull joined together? Why is the skull joined together like this?
Sutures (fibrous joints). Allows brain growth during adolescence
What can bones of the cranium be subdivided into?
Calvarium (skull cap) and cranial base
Name the bones of the cavarium
- Frontal
- Occipital
- Two parietal bones
Cavarium - FOP
Name the bones of the cranial base
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
- Occipital
- Parietal
- Temporal
How many face bones are there? Name the face bones
14 bones
Zygomatic x2 – cheek bones of the face.
Lacrimal x2
Nasal x2
Inferior nasal conchae x2
Palatine x2 –
Maxilla x2 –
Vomer –
Mandible –
What is the TMJ? Where is it located?
Articulation between mandible and temporal bone. Located at ends of mandible
What is the purpose of the inferior nasal conchae? Where is it located?
located within the nasal cavity. Serve to increase SA of the nasal cavity and therefore the amount of inspired air that can come into contact with the cavity walls.
What is the purpose of the palatine bone?
Forms part of hard palate at rear of oral cavity
What does the maxilla help to form?
hard palate
what does the vomer form?
Posterior aspect of the nasal septum
Why are sutures of the skull clinically relevant? Name the 3 most clinically relevant. What are fontanelles? Name them
Points of potential weakness.
Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid sutures
Fontanelles (incompletely fused suture joints in neonates). Frontal fontanelle and occipital fontanelle
What is the pterion? Where is it located? What happens if this were to be fractured?
Thinnest part of the skull. Fracture here can lacerate an underlying artery (middle meningeal artery) and result in an extradural haematoma (blood collects in between dura mater and skull, increasing intracranial pressure). Symptoms are nausea, vomiting, seizures, bradycardia.
How do you treat an extradural haematoma?
Treated with diuretic in minor cases and drilling burr holes into skull in more extreme cases
What is the anterior cranial fossa?
Depression of skull formed by frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones