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Semester 3: Gastrointestinal > Session 2: Embryology > Flashcards

Session 2: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is formed as the embryo folds?

A

Intrembryonic coelom

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2
Q

What is the intramembryonic coelom divided into?

A

Abdominal and thoracic cavities from one large cavity

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3
Q

What is special about the lining of the intrambryonic coelom?

A

It is lined by one membrane which specialise as the cavities specialises

  • Pericardium
  • Pleural membrane
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4
Q

What surround the new primitive gut?

A

Splanchnic Mesoderm

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5
Q

What is mesentary formed from?

A

Condensation of splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

What suspends the entire gut tube from the dorsal body wall?

A

Dorsal Mesentary

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7
Q

What is the only region covered by the ventral mesentary?

A

Foregut

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8
Q

What do the dorsal and central mesentaries divide into in the region of the foregut?

A

Left and right sacs

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9
Q

What does the left sac contribute into?

A

Greater sac

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10
Q

What does the right sac becomes?

A

Lesser sac

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11
Q

What is greater omentum formed from?

A

Dorsal mesentary

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12
Q

What is the lesser omentum formed from?

A

Ventral mesentary

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13
Q

What is peritoneal reflection?

A

Change of direction

  • from parietal peritoneum to mesentery.
  • From mesentery to visceral peritoneum
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14
Q

What structures that are not suspended within the abdominal cavity called?

A

Retroperiotneal

-They were never in the peritoneal cavity and never had a mesentary

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15
Q

What is described as secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • Began development investe by the peritoneum
  • Had mesentery but with successive growth and development of the GI tract, the mesentary is lost through fusion at posterior abdominal wall. (fusion fascia)
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16
Q

Where does the foregut extend from and to?

A

Lung bud to the liver bud

17
Q

What form in the ventral wall of the foregut in the 4th at the junction with the pharyngeal gut?

A

Respiratory diverticulum

18
Q

Where does the liver and biliary system develop?

A

Ventral mesentary

19
Q

Where does the pancreas develop?

A

Components develop in both Ventral and dorsal

  • Uncinate process and inferior head = ventral
  • Superior head, neck, body and tail = dorsal
20
Q

What is the shape of the duodenum determined by?

A

Roatation of the stomach

21
Q

Why does the duodenum become secondary retroperitoneal?

A

Rotation of the stomach pushes duodenum to right then against the posterior abdominal wall

22
Q

How does the primitive gut becomes tubular?

A

The bro folds laterally to create the ventral wall body

23
Q

What is the effect of the embryo folding craniocaudally?

A

-Creates cranial and caudal pockets from yolk sac endoderm

24
Q

What is the gut tube?

A
  • Endoderm lines tube
  • Runs the length of the body
  • Blind pouches at the head and tail ends
  • Opening at the umbilicus
  • Splanchnic mesoderm covering
25
Q

What the embryonic division of the gut?

A
  • Foregut
  • Hindgut
  • Midgut
26
Q

What begins as blind diverticula?

A

Foregut and hindgut

27
Q

What embryonic division the gut is continuous with he yolk sac?

A

The midgut has an opening at first

28
Q

What does the foregut go on to form?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas, Liver, and Gall bladder
  • Duodenum (proximal to entrance of bile duct)
29
Q

What does the midgut go on to form?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileim
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon
  • Proximal 2/3 transverse colon
30
Q

What does the hindgut go on to form?

A
  • Distal 1/3 transverse colon
  • Descnding colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Upper anal canal
  • Internal lining of bladder and urethra
31
Q

What are the implications of the embryological origin on the blood supply?

A

Arterial supply reflects the embryonic development as each embryonic segment receives blood supply from distinct branch of the abdominal aorta

32
Q

What do structures near the junction of the foregut and midgut have?

A

They have mixed blood supply

33
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of peritoneum suspending the gut tube from abdominal wall

34
Q

Why do we need mesenteries?

A
  • Allows a conduit for blood and nerve supply

- Allows motility where needed

35
Q

What do the dorsal and ventral mesenteries in the region of the foregut divide the cavity into?

A

Left and right sacs in the region of the foregut only

36
Q

What is the first structure seen when the abdominal cavity is opened anteriorly?

A

Greater omentum

37
Q

What does the free edge of the lesser omentum conduct?

A

Portal triad

38
Q

What are 2 secondary retroperitoneal structures of the foregut?

A
  • Duodenum

- Pancreas

Semester 3: Gastrointestinal (6 decks)

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