Session 1

Question 1

What is the purpose of the gut?

Answer 1

Food ingestion
Food digestion
Food absorption 
Food egestion
Excretion of bilirubin

Question 2

What usually divided the gut into regions?

Answer 2

Sphincters

Question 3

What is needed to create a correct environment in the gut?

Answer 3

Water, Acid, HCO3 and enzymes

Question 4

The lumen of the gut is an eternal surface. TRUE/FALSE

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Where can food be stored temporarily?

Answer 5

Stomach

Colon (contents evacuated several times a day)

Question 6

What is the purpose of the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Answer 6

To stop things in the stomach coming back up

Question 7

What is the job of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 7

Controls the realise of contents to the next part of the stomach

Question 8

Which nervous system controls the gut?

Answer 8

Enteric nervous system

Question 9

Which areas mechanically disrupt the food that is ingested?

Answer 9

-Mouth/Teeth

-Stomach through vigorous contractions that cause food to be liquified. Has additional inner oblique layer of muscle
+Upper area creates a basal tone.
+Lower area has powerful peristaltic contractions that effectively grind food.

Question 10

Why and how does the stomach act as a storage facility?

Answer 10

• We eat faster than we can digest
• Stomach can distend due to the rugae
• Receptive relaxation so that the intraluminal pressure doesn’t increase excessively

Question 11

What are the mechanism of chemical digestion?

Answer 11

Saliva

• Amylase
• Lipase

Stomach

• Acid
• Pepsin

Duodenum/jejunum

• Bile
• Exocrine pancreas

Question 12

Why are pathogens a major problem in the gastrointestinal strict?

Answer 12

There are thin epithelia and a large surface area

Question 13

What are the defences for the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 13

• Saliva
• HCL
• Liver
• Peyer’s Patches (lymphoid follicles, submucosa/mucosa, mainly in terminal ileum)

Question 14

What are the muscular layers of the bowel?

Answer 14

• Small amounts of skeletal muscle

- Mainly smooth muscle

Question 15

What are the structural features of the gut that aid in absorption?

Answer 15

• Length of the gut
• The folds
• Villi/Microvilli

Question 16

What are the functions of the mouth?

Answer 16

• Physical breakdown of food
• Initial digesrive enzyme release
• Infection control

Question 17

What is the purpose of oesaphagus?

Answer 17

• Rapid transport of bolus to stomach
• Upper oesophageal sphincter to stop air entering the GI tract
• Lower oesophageal sphincter to prevent reflux into the oesophagus

Question 18

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 18

• Storage facility
• To produce chyme (physical breakdown, chemical breakdown, digestion started, storage)
• Infection control
• Secrete intrinsic factor

Question 19

What are the functions of the duodenum?

Answer 19

• Neutralisation/osmotic stabilisation of chyme (HCO3 rich secretions)
• Nearing end of of digestion through pancreatic secretions and bile

Question 20

What are the functions of the jejunum?

Answer 20

• Final digestion
• Nutrient absorption (jejunum)
• Water/electrolyte absorption (ileum)
• Bile recirculation (ileum)
• B12 absorption (terminal ileum)

Question 21

What are the functions of the colon?

Answer 21

• Final water absorption

- Final electrolyte absorption

Question 22

What is the function of the rectum/anus?

Answer 22

Defaecation

Question 23

What are the organs enveloped by the peritoneum referred to as?

Answer 23

Intra peritoneal