Session 13 - Mitochondrial Dysfunction Flashcards
What processes does Mitochondria undergo to maintain shape, distribution and size?
Coordinated cycles of fission and fusion referred to as mitochondrial dynamics
What is any cell membrane made of and what is mitochondria membrane made from?
Phospholipids (EPA/DHA)
What are the 4 dynamic activities mitochondria follow?
fusion: joining of 2 organelles into 1
fission: the division of a single organelle into two
transport: directed movement within a cell
mitophagy: targeted destruction via autophagy
What does the inner membrane of a mitochondria contain?
Cardiolipin - phospholipid that has higher affinity for inner membrane proteins
What supplement is important for mitochondrial function?
Choline (not a vitamin or mineral) - eggs are rich in choline
Where are the components of the ETC located?
In the inner membrane
What are mitochondria important for?
Cellular processes such as cell cycle Autography Redox signalling Stem cells reprogramming Apoptosis (programmed cell death) ATP production
Is depression, anxiety and bipolar associated to mitochondrial dysfunction in their brain cells?
True - it mitochondrial cells cannot product ATP, brain cells do not make ATP and get energy.
What supplements can strengthen mitochondrial function to generate ATP?
CoQ10
DIM (active compound in broccoli)
NAC
List 4 diseases associated with mitochondria dysfunction
Anxiety
Depression
Diabetes
Alzheimers
Why do mitochondria demonstrate a dynamic range of activities?
To support cellular process
Maintain Shape & Size
T/F - Mitophagy is crucial for mitochondrial function
True - mitophagy is the selective self-destruction of mitochondria
T/F in the mitochondria cytochrome C are located in the outer membrane
False - intermembrane space
The electron transport chain is located where?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Why are mitochondria vital for human function?
Mitochondria are vital for human immune function because mitochondrial DNA acts as a signal for immune cells, mitochondrial fusion and fission activate immune cells and intermediates of CAC cycle generated in the mitochondria influence immune cell response.
Which of nutrients are essential for quenching the free radicals that are generated during ETC?
Glutathione
Which enzyme complex in the ETC requires copper?
Complex IV, or Cytochrome c Oxidase, is involved in the reduction of O2 to H2O. It is the last electron acceptor of the respiratory chain.
What is main consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
Low production of ATP and subsequent fatigue is the main consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction
Which nutrients act as cofactors in most of the energy pathways?
Vitamins B1, B2 and B3 act as cofactors in most of the energy pathways and are therefore essential for preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
What micronutrients play crucial roles in energy metabolism and ATP production?
B1, B2, B3, B6, ascorbic acid, a-tocopherol, selenium, zinc, coq10, carnitine, nitrate, lipoic acid, taurine (cofactors)
B vitamins & lipoic acid essential for krebs cycle.
Selenium, a-tocopherol, coq10 and caffeine
