Session 13+15(Mutations) Flashcards
What are transportable elements?
Sequence of DNA that do not have a fixed position within the genome (ubiquitous)
How can transposable elements cause issues?
By inappropriately activating or inactivating genes by their very presence
What are the two main types of mutation?
Micro (small base changes)
Macro (chromosome changes)
What is a transitional change?
A change to the same type of base
ie purine to purine
What is a transversion change?
Change to different type of base
ie purine to pyrimidine
What is a nonsense mutation?
Mutation resulting in stop codon
What is a missense mutation?
Mutation results in a different amino acid
What is a synonymous mutation?
Mutation has no effect (silent)
What are the 6 types of macro mutations?
Deletion Insertion Inversion Translocation Substitution Duplication
Why is it not so vital for RNA polymerase to proofread?
RNA is constantly degraded, many copies of the same piece so the same mistake is unlikely to occur twice
Why does mitochondrial DNA mutation build up over time?
The DNA has limited ability to repair itself
What do you call spontaneous mutations?
Sporadic/de novo
