Session 1 - General Organisation of the Head and Neck Flashcards
General muscles of the head (2 groups)
Muscles for facial expression
Muscles of mastication
Nerve supplying the muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII)
Nerve supplying the muscles of mastication
The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V)
Which joint does the muscles of mastication act upon?
The temporomandibularjoint
What are the five key cranial branches of the facial nerve?
Two Zanzibar Buy Motor Car
Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Mandibular branch Cervical branch
What facial component does the facial nerve branches have an important relationship with?
The parotid gland. They all pierce it so if there is a problem with the parotid gland that can cause facial nerve weakness.
What does the trigeminal nerve do?
Supplies sensory to the face + supply motor function to muscles of mastications.
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Ophthalmic branch (Va) Maxillary branch (Vb) Mandibular branch (Vc)
Which of the trigeminal branches supply motor function?
Mandibular branch (Vc)
What is the main arterial supply of the head and neck?
What are it’s branches?
Common carotid artery
And its branches:
Internal carotid artery and external carotid artery
What is the main vein draining the head and neck?
Internal jugular vein (important for jugular venous pressure)
Most important muscles of the neck
Trapezius Sternomastocleido Platysma Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles Scalene muscles
Innervation of platysma
Cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Innervation of trapezius
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Anatomical borders of the anterior triangle of the neck
Midline of the neck
Inferior margin of the mandibular
Anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
Anatomical borders of the posterior triangle of the neck
(Anterior) Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
(Posterior) Anterior border of the trapezius
(Inferior) Clavicle
(Floor) Scalene muscles
Most important muscle of the suprahyoids?
Action of the suprahyoids.
Innervation of the suprahyoids.
Digastric (posterior and anterior belly) muscle
Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible
Cranial nerves (will suffice for now)
Most important muscle of the infrahyoids?
Action of the infrahyoids
Innervation of the infrahyoids
Omohyoid muscle (strap muscles) (inferior and superior bellies)
Depress and stabilise the hyoid bone
Innervated by the cervical nerves (C1-C3)
Anatomical borders of the carotid triangle.
Sternocleidomastoid
Superior belly of omohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric
What are the pros of the fascial compartments of the neck?
Form natural planes
Ease of movement between the compartments like when swallowing
Can restrict infection spreading
What are cons of fascial compartments of the neck?
Can also permit spread of infection
What is the space called that allows spread of infection?
Retropharyngeal space
How does the retropharyngeal space allow spread of infection?
It can cause infection to go superior to oropharynx etc.
Also can cause infection to spread inferiorly to the thorax and cause mediastinum